Term
| In the 1400s the Italian kingdoms were threatened on several occassions with invasion fro the east by whom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonordained members in a congregation are called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two regions unified in the 1400s that led to the unificaion of Spain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the early Christian humanist who translated the Greek New Testament into Latin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characteristics did the Renaissance embody? |
|
Definition
| new ideas about artistic genius, sholarly investigation of ancient texts, new found perspectives in human life |
|
|
Term
| What event gave the impetus to the revival of Greek texts dueing the fifteenth century? |
|
Definition
| The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks |
|
|
Term
| How did Renaissance art depart from previous medieval styles? |
|
Definition
| Portrayed the individual as an important subject |
|
|
Term
| What political structure best describes Italy in the mid-fourteenth century? |
|
Definition
| Dynamic urban states that dominated their regions |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the commercial association of northern European cities to control trade and commerce in fourteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of goods were exported from Venice to northern Europe during the fourteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the technology for moveable type developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What led to the communications revolution of the sixteenth century due to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What artists represented the peak of achievement during the Italian Renaissance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a skilled producer of manually crafted goods called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did fifteenth-century Italy differ from other parts of Europe? |
|
Definition
| More urban areas were devoted to commerce |
|
|
Term
| Who did the well-known Renaissance composers work for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the greatest musical innovations of the Renaissance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did artists of the northern Renaissance differ from their Italian counterparts? |
|
Definition
| Use of precise detail in their paintings |
|
|
Term
| What was the large eastern European Kingom that buffered Russia from Polan in the late 1400s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helped unify the powerful monarchies in western Europe? |
|
Definition
| Catholic orthodoxy as a mjor feature of the state |
|
|
Term
| Which dynasty dominated the Holy Roman Empire in Europe by the mid-fifteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which city was the most stable and lasting democcratic government in early modern Europe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to a period of great artistic productivity the Renaissance was also a time of what other European events? |
|
Definition
| War and violence in many parts of Europe |
|
|
Term
| What was the dynasty that emerged victorious after the War of the Roses in England? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the papal decree in 1494 that split the explored world between the Portugese and the Spanish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name for military adventurers exploring for the crown? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the two primary goals of Spanish exploration of the New World? |
|
Definition
| Enrich the royal treasury and convert the natives to Christianity |
|
|
Term
| In what way did the Spanish exploration in the new world affect European economics? |
|
Definition
| Silver and gold brought from the New World created inflationary pressures |
|
|
Term
| What was the major reason for the colonization of Brazil by Portugal? |
|
Definition
| European demand for sugar |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Roman Catholic Church sell indulgences? |
|
Definition
| To raise money, especially to fund expensive building projects such as Saint Peter's in Rome |
|
|
Term
| About 1550 the globalization of the world economy under the Spanish began with what commodity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After first being ignored by the Eurpeans what items finally drew settlers to North America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term that began describing landed peasantry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the sixteenth century what helped begin global European imperialism? |
|
Definition
| Manufacturing sites throughout India |
|
|
Term
| Spain's initial claim to Asian territory was based on which explorer's travels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which was the first kingdom to sponsor the successful circumnavigation of the globe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What commodity was France most interested in finding in the New World? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the theory of national wealth having to do with favorable trade balance called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helped initiate the modern global economy? |
|
Definition
| European discovery of the Americas after 1492 |
|
|
Term
| In the 1500s what was the central focus of church reformers? |
|
Definition
| Appeal to the authority of the scriptures over antiquated church tradition |
|
|
Term
| Who were the core critics of theRoman Catholic Church in the sixteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the alternative to papal authority as the Reformation unfolded? |
|
Definition
| The Bible was revealed as the word of God |
|
|
Term
| What were changes made in the Protestant church after the Reformation? |
|
Definition
| The sacrements were reduced to two and priests were allowed to marry |
|
|
Term
| What was the central compromise in the Peace of Augsburg in 1555? |
|
Definition
| Lutheranism was officially recognized by European rulers |
|
|
Term
| What were the motives of King Henry VIII of England for separating frm the Roman Catholic Church in 1534? |
|
Definition
| Political and he wanted the pope to grant a divorce |
|
|
Term
| After 1534, in post-Reformation England, what two religious factions fought for power? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calvinists were transplanted into which parts of Europe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was a central feature of the Catholic Counter-Reformation? |
|
Definition
| An attempt to raise the moral level of the clergy |
|
|
Term
| The search by the Christian church for heretics and nonbelievers in seventeenth-century Europe was called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because of large scale warfare between the kingdoms of modern Europe what policy had to be increased? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which classes were the first to suffer from bad harvest and economic depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What major factor led to the decline of Spanish power in the seventeenth century? |
|
Definition
| Extravagant lifestyles and spending of the Hapsburg dynasty |
|
|
Term
| In the sixteenth-century eastern European peasants were no better off than which other oppressed laborers? |
|
Definition
|
|
