Term
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Definition
-this development was a tragic reversal of trends in the High
Middle Ages
-about the 1300s, Europe’s population and economy declined grievously, mainly because of the Black Death
-this reaction failed in the west
-in the west: almost all of the peasants were free and serfdom declined greatly
-east of the East Elbe, the landlords won
-eastern peasants were well on their way to becoming serfs again |
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Term
| landlords/peasants in E. Europe |
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Definition
-landlords used political and police power to turn the tables on the
peasants
-first, the lords made their kings and princes issue laws that
restricted or eliminated the peasants’ precious, time-honored right
of free movement
-second, lords took more and more of the peasants’ land and
imposed heavier and heavier labor obligations |
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Term
| landlords tactics labor shortage |
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Definition
-hereditary subjugation
-the lords made their kings and princes issue laws that
restricted or eliminated the peasants’ precious, time-honored right
of free movement
-lords took more and more of the peasants’ land and
imposed heavier and heavier labor obligations |
|
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Term
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Definition
-the local lord was also the local prosecutor, judge, and jailer
-he ruled in his own favor in disputes with his peasants
-there were no independent royal officials to provide justice or
uphold the common law |
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Term
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Definition
-lords seized more and more peasant land
-squeezed surpluses out of their impoverished peasants
-surpluses in wheat and timber were easily sold to big foreign
merchants, who exported them to the growing cities of the west
-thus, the poor east helped feed the wealthier west |
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Term
| results of 1618 Bohemian revolt |
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Definition
-rose up in defense of Protestant rights
-was crushed in 1620 at the Battle of White Mountain, a turning
point in Czech history |
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Term
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Definition
-the Ottoman Empire succeeded in marshaling its forces for one
last mighty attack on the Hapsburgs
-a huge Turkish army surrounded Vienna and laid siege to it at this
time |
|
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Term
| Thirty Years War/ Brandenburg-Prussia |
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Definition
-the elector of Brandenburg was a helpless spectator in this war,
his territories were ravaged by Swedish and Hapsburg armies
-it prepared the way for Hohenzollern absolutism because foreign
armies dramatically weakened the political power of the Estates,
the representative assemblies of the realm |
|
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Term
| factors/ the Great Elector’s victory over the Estates |
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Definition
| -population decline-many villages disappeared-the devastation of Brandenburg and Prussia |
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Term
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Definition
-when the Bohemian Estates were crushed in the revolt
-it reduced the power of the Bohemian Estates
-Ferdinand confiscated the landholdings of many Protestant nobles
and gave them to a few great Catholic nobles who had remained loyal and to a motley band of aristocratic soldiers of fortune who had nothing in common with the Czech–speaking peasants
-after 1650, a large portion of the Bohemian nobility was of recent foreign origin and owed everything to the Hapsburgs |
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Term
|
Definition
-all the agricultural land of the empire was his personal hereditary property, who exploited the land as he saw fit according to
Ottoman political theory
-there was no security of landholding and no hereditary nobility |
|
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Term
| Hungarians/against Hapsburgs |
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Definition
-supported Pragmatic Sanction-proclaimed by Charles VI in 1713
-states that the Hapsburg possessions were never to be divided and
were always to be passed intact to a single heir, who might be
female because Charles was the last of all Hapsburg males |
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Term
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Definition
-showed his military genius to Peter the Great
-his well-trained professional army attacked and routed
unsuspecting Russians besieging the Swedish fortress of Narva on
the Baltic coast |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-levied a “tax” of 1 to 3,000 male children on the conquered
Christian populations in the Balkans
-these and other slaves were raised in Turkey as Muslims and
trained to fight and to administer
-the most talented slaves rose to the top of this, the less fortunate
formed the army |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-after his death, monarchial absolutism and strong centralized rule
gave way to palace intrigue, weak sultans, and the emergence of a
powerful oligarchy of top officials |
|
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Term
| Frederick Wm. I/actions, belief, legacy |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-a prince of Moscow
-became adept to serving the Mongols
-put down popular uprisings and collected the khan’s harsh taxes |
|
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Term
| After “Time of Troubles” Romanovs and nobles |
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-formed a secret alliance with Denmark and Saxony
-Narva was a Swedish victory
-the Poltava was a Russian victory against the Swedish |
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Term
| Peter’s reign characterized by |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-married Anastasia
-all nobles had to serve him in order to hold any land
-blamed the boyars for the death of his wife
-took strides toward making all commoners servants to the tsar |
|
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Term
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Definition
| -leader of the Cossacks when they moved along the Volga River in 1670-1671, attracting a great army of urban poor and peasants, killing landlords and gov. officials,and proclaiming freedom from oppression |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Peter’s labor/ St. Petersburg |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hapsburg state composed of |
|
Definition
| -austria, hungary, and prussia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Peter the Great's new city
-where he believed it would be easilr to reform the country militarily and administratively
-it was western and baroque
-a modern city |
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