Term
| What do the epimere and hypomere develop into? |
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Definition
Somite derived epimere becomes deep muscle
Deep muscle supplied by posterior primary rami
Somite derived hypomere becomes superficial muscle
Superficial muscle supplied by anterior primary rami |
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Term
| List the number and types of verterbrae |
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Definition
33 Vertebrae:
7 cervical,
12 thoracic,
5 lumbar,
5 fused sacral,
3-5 fused coccygeal |
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Term
| Explain primary curvature |
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Definition
During the first 2 months of the fetal life, only primary curvature exist
Are in thoracic & sacral regions (2 curves) - these are fetal curves; convex posterior |
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Term
| Explain secondary curvature |
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Definition
| Are in cervical & lumbar regions (2 curves) - these post-natal curves, concave post |
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Term
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Definition
Kyphosis (Hunchback)
Exaggerated thoracic curvature; older people often get this |
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Term
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Definition
Lordosis (swayback/saddle back)
Accentuation of lumbar curvature; pregnantees get this |
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Term
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Definition
lateral deviation due to unequal growth of spinal column, kids lean to one side and change growth and get scolisosis, have to watch young children.
erosion or asymmetric paralysis
weakness of muscles
Scapula slides on the back of the chest. |
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Term
| Explain the division of myotomes |
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Definition
Divison of Myotomes (Epimeres & Hypomeres)
Segmented Mesoderm = Somites (all mesoderm is divided into 42-44 somites)
Somites are origin of all muscle in body
Mesoderm divides into 3 groups
*Dermatome (dermis), myotome (muscle), & sclerotome (vertebral column)
*Myotome becomes epimere & hypomere |
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Term
| What are the superficial muscles of the back and how are they innervated? |
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Definition
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboid minor and major
latissimus dorsi
serratus posterior - superior
serratus posterior - inferior
*All nerve supplies from hypomere (none from epimere)
*Skin of back innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami of C2-C5 & T1-L3 |
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Term
| What is the action, origin, insertion, and innervation of the trapezius? |
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Definition
action - Adduction, rotation., elevation, depression, (of scap)
origin - External occipital portuburance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12
insertion - Spine of scapula acromion & lateral third of clavicle
innervation - Spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI) + nerve; C3-C4 |
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Term
| What is the action, origin, insertion, and innervation of levator scapulae? |
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Definition
action - elevates scapula
origin - Trans process C1-C4
insertion - Medial border of scapula
innervation - Dorsal scap, C3-C4 (anterior primary rami) |
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Term
| What is the action, origin, insertion, and innervation of rhomboid minor? |
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Definition
action - Adducts scapula
origin - Spines of C7-T1
insertion - Root of spine of scap
innervation - Dorsal scap C5 |
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Term
| What is the action, origin, insertion, and innervation of rhomboid major? |
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Definition
action - Adducts scapula
origin - spines of T2-T5
insertion - Medial border of scap
innervation - Dorsal scapular |
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Term
| What is the action, origin, insertion, and innervation of latissimus dorsi? |
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Definition
action - Adducts, extenstion. rotates arm medially (attaches to humerous)
origin - T5-T12, thoracodorsal fascia, iliac c, ribs 9-12
insertion - Floor of bicipital groove of humerus
innervation - Thoracodorsal (Nerve to latissimus dorsi) |
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Term
| What is the action, origin, insertion, and innervation of serratus posterior superior? |
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Definition
action - elevates ribs
origin - Ligamentum nuchae, supraspinal lig, C7-T3
insertion - Upper border of ribs T2-5
innervation - Intercostal T1-T4 |
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Term
| What is the action, origin, insertion, and innervation of serratus posterior inferior? |
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Definition
action - depresses ribs
origin - Supraspinal ligamentum, T11-L3
insertion - Lower border of ribs 2-5
innervation - Intercostal T9-T12 |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the triangle of auscultation? |
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Definition
| Latissimis dorsi, trapezius,and rhomboid major |
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the lumbar triangle? |
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Definition
| Latissimus dorsi and external oblique |
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Term
| What is the function of thoracolumbar fascia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the anatomy landmarks of the scapula? |
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Definition
| Spine, acromonion, superior and inferior angles, vertebral border |
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Term
| What are the landmarks of the iliac crest |
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Definition
| Posterior superior iliac spine |
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Term
| What are the landmarks of the lumbar and thoracic vertebra |
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Definition
Pedicles (roots) and laminae (two flat plates)
transverse process (junction) and articular processes
spinous process |
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Term
| What are the landmarks of cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
Transverse process
foramem transversarium
spinous processes |
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Term
| What are the landmarks of the occipital bone? |
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Definition
| External occipital protuberance and nuchal lines |
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Term
| What are some of the other gross anatomy structures of the back we need to know? |
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Definition
Intervertebral disc
Intervertebral foramen
Atlas
First thoracic spine (part of axis)
vertebral foramen
vertebral canal
mastoid process
primary and secondary curvatures |
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