Term
|
Definition
| Founded Comstock Lode- a silver mine- near Virginia City, Nevada. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quickly growing towns attached to mines in the West. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Self-appointed volunteers who would track down and punish wrong-doers in the West. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Removing high amounts of earth by spraying water at very high pressures in order to mine valuable minerals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A vast area of grassland that the federal government owned. Ranchers could let their herds graze there for free. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Driving cattle long distances to a railroad depot for fast transport and great profit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hispanic neighborhoods in the South West. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grass land that stretched from the Wheat Belt to the west coast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For a $10 filing fee, pioneers filed for a tract of public land up to 160 acres. Pioneers had to live on land for 5 years and make improvements to it in order to keep it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Method of farming where seeds are planted deep in the ground where there is enough moisture for them to grow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nickname for the plains farmers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Began at the Eastern edge of the Great Plains and encompassed much of the Dakotas, Nebraska & Kansas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Huge farms in the Wheat Belt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| U.S. forces fired on Native Americans at Sand Creek. 14 American soldiers were killed, about 70 Native Americans were killed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Lieutentant Colonel sent to enforce a treaty between the U.S. and Lakota tribe led by Sitting Bull. Fought and died in the Battle of Little Big Horn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chief of the Nez Perce tribe. Fought relocation but surrendered ending up in Oklahoma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each head of Native American households could have 160 acres (singles- 80 acres). What land was left over, was given to white settlers. Caused tension between settlers and Native Americans b/c took NA land and gave it to settlers. Took away NA communcal living. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inventer of the telephone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inventor of the light bulb and phonograph. Founded General Electric (GE). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inventor of hand-held camera. |
|
|
Term
| Wilbur and Orville Wright |
|
Definition
| Accomplished the first successful flight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that the government should not interfere in the economy other than protecting private property rights and maintaining peace. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People who risk their own own money to organize and run a business. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provided for the construction of the transcontinental railroad by the Union Pacific Railway company and Central Pacific Railway company. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Started in Omaha, Nebraska and went west. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Owner of the Central Pacific Railroad- founded Stanford University. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Started in Sacramento, CA and went east. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purchased several railroad companies and became very wealthy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The American Railway Association divided the U.S. up into four areas to make rail travel safer and more timely. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Free land given out by the U.S. Government to railroad companies to encourage them to build more railroads. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most corrupt railroad owner- took advantage of investors, bribed officials, and cheated on contracts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Union Pacific set up the construction company, Credit Mobilier, to build railroads, CM charged more money than necessary to build- made them rich, made UP bankrupt. Members of congress were convinced to buy UP stock- bad news bears. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A business owned by many people but treated as one person. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shares of ownership in a corporation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Invested in the Bessemer Process (cheaply made light-weight steal) and sold his steel to railroad companies and contracters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A company that owns all the different businesses on which it depends for its operation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organizing businesses in the same industry into one large corporation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Created the company of Standard Oil (oil refinery) and bought out all his competitors becoming very rich. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a single company controls an entire market. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A legal arrangement that allows one person to manage another person's property (or stock). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When there is not enough money in circulation and the value of money goes up. Prices must deflate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organization of workers who come together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions or more money. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A list of union members (trouble makers for business owners) that companies would not hire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When union members do not work in order to force employers to meet their needs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When employers lock striking employees out of their work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ideas of Karl Marx that there are two classes- workers and owners- workers should overtake the owners in order to spread the wealth more evenly in an economy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A powerful labor union from the 1860s-70s. |
|
|
Term
| American Federation of Labor |
|
Definition
| The dominant union of the late 1800s. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First president of the American Federation of Labor. He tried to seperate the union from politics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Companies who would only hire union members. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cheepest accommodations on a steamship- most poor immigrants came to the U.S. this way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The clearing station for European immigrants on a tiny island in New York Harbor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A journalist in New York City famous for showing real life through his pictures and writing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The clearing station for Asian immigrants outside of San Francisco. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An extreme dislike of immigrants by native-born people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The law barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented the Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Building more than 10 stories tall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Famous skyscraper designer in Chicago. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crowded apartment buildings; generally in slums. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An informal political group designed to gain and keep power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The leader of Tammany Hall- was inprison because of his corruptness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A New York City Democratic political machine- infamous for corruptness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term coined by Mark Twain used to describe American culture in the late 1800s. A culture which looked nice on the outside, but was corrupt and dull on the inside. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea that no matter how humble one's origins are, a person can rise as far as their talents and abilities take them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A philosophy based on Darwin's theories of natural selection- some are more adapt and will therefore succeed in life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The philosophy put forth by Andrew Carnegie that said wealthy Americans should use thier fortunes to create conditions that would help others help themselves (building schools, libraries, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An American author from the 1800s. Wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A movement which worked to better conditions in cities according to the biblical ideals of charity and justice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A community center where reformers resided and offered everything from medical care and English classes to kindergartens and recreational programs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opened most famous settlement house, the Hull House, in Chicago. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for legislation in their interest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paper currency that couldn't be exchanged for gold or silver coins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An over-abundance of money which decreases the value of money- inflating prices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marketing organizations that try to increase prices and lower costs for their members. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The beginnings of the Populist Party. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of taxing those with more income at higher levels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A tax required to register to vote- used to keep African Americans from voting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laws passed by Southern states in order to make segregation legal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An African American woman who worked hard to make people aware of lynchings taking place in the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An influential African American educator who proposed African Americans should concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than political goals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An African American leader who encouraged African Americans to insist on equal treatment and voting rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Took place in the 1830's to the 1890's and primarily northern Europeans(Irish and German). The moved to America for a number of reasons, potatoe famine, revolutions, etc... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| took place around the 1890's to about 1920 and was mostly eastern and southern Europeans ( Austria Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Former slave who spoke out on slavery and women's rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negative term used to describe crooked businessmen and bankers in the late 1800s. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Railcar manufacturing company. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Invented the refrigerated railcar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founder of Hershey's chocolate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large meatpacking company. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fence used on the plains to keep cows from eating and roaming on land. |
|
|
