Term
| What is the most common site for tumors in horses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 most common skin tumors in horses? |
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Definition
-sarcoid
-squamous cell carcinoma
-melanoma
-papilloma |
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Term
| What is the single most common skin tumor in the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the age group of horses affected by sarcoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiolgy behind sarcoids? |
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Definition
-viral!
-atypical response to a wound or injury |
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Term
| What are the clinical features of each type of an equine sarcoid? |
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Definition
-Verrucous: warty like
-Gibroblastic: raw, granulomatous mass
-Mixed: duh
-Occult: flat, scaley |
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Term
| What are the differentials for a fibroblastic type sarcoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What diagnostics do we run on a sarcoid? |
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Definition
| -biopsy!!! then thorough surgical excision |
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Term
| What are our treatment options for equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
-surgical excision
-surgical ablation
-sryotherap
-chemotherapy
-immunotherapy |
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Term
| What is you very first step of treating an equine sarcoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the process of cryotherapy when applied to an equine sarcoid. |
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Definition
-tumor first debulked
-control hemorrhage
-tumor is frozen! 3 freeze-thaw cycles |
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Term
| Describe the process of immunotherapy when applied to an equine sarcoid. |
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Definition
-injected into and around the tumor
-applied topically |
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Term
| For what types of tumors do we use BCG? |
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Definition
-BCG = BAcillum Salmette-Guerin
-effective on tumors on the head |
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Term
| How do we apply Imiquimod for immunotherapy of equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we apply blood root extract for immunotherapy of equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we apply chemotherapy to an equine sarcoid? |
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Definition
-injected into and around the tumor
-applied topically |
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Term
| How is Carboplatin used as a chemotherapy agent for the treatment of equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
| -injected with sesame oil as a carrier |
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Term
| How is Cisplatin applied as a chemotherapy for equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
| -as beads (marix III) absorbed in 30 days |
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Term
| How is 5FU applied as a chemotherapy for equine sarcoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prognosis for equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
-location dependent
-head, trunk, upper limbs = good
=-distal limbs = guarded |
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Term
| What are the primary concerns with client educaiton regarding equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
-treatment can be expensive
-multiple treatments necessary
-recurrence likely |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of SCC in horses? |
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Definition
-no predilection
-usually seen in older horses: 12 yo |
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Term
| What is the typical etiology of SCC? |
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Definition
| -UV light onnon-pigmented/hairless regions |
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Term
| What are the most common locations of SCC? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do SCC commonly appear? |
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Definition
| -ulcerative or granulomatous |
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Term
| Do SCC's metastasize? Expound. |
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Definition
-They DO metastasize: locally invasive
-head = invade the skull
-penis/prepuce = regional LN |
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Term
| What is the primary diagnostic test we run of SCCs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the treatment options for SCCS? |
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Definition
-surgical excision
-surgical ablation
-cryotherapy
-chemotherapy |
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Term
| How do we manage a small localized SCC on the genitalia? |
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Definition
-laser ablation
-topical chemotherapy: 5FU
-surgical excision |
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Term
| How do we manage SCC that has extensive involvement? |
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Definition
| -radical surgical excision |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of SCC? |
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Definition
-localized = fair - good
-metastasis = poor |
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Term
| What is the primary concern for client education regarding SCC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical signalment for equine melanoma? |
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Definition
-grey horses
-more common in older horses |
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Term
| What are the common locations for melanomas? |
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Definition
-perineum
-undersurface of tail
-pinnae |
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Term
| What are the common clinical features of melanoma? |
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Definition
-appear as firm intradermal or subcutaneous nodule(s)
-may on occasion become ulcerated |
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Term
| Are most melanomas benign or malignant? |
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Definition
| -most develop as a benign tumor but may become malignant |
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Term
| What are the possible characteristics of equine sarcoids? |
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Definition
-slow growth no metastasis (benign)
-slow groth then rapid growth and malignancy
-rapid growth and malignancy |
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Term
| How do we typically diagose melanoma in a horse? |
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Definition
-visual rpesentation
-biopsy yes but may become more active |
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Term
| What are our therapeutic options for equien melanoma? |
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Definition
-ignore
-surgical, laser excision, ablation if small solitary mass
-cryotherapy
-chemotherapy
-cimetidine |
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Term
| What is the primary concern with client education regarding equine melanomas? |
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Definition
| -unless tumor(s) is interfering with function, benign treatment is the wisest |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of papillomas in horses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiology behind papillomas? Incubation period? |
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Definition
-Equine papilloma virus
-2-6 months |
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Term
| What is the typical location of papillomas in the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are equine papillomas usually diagnosed? |
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Definition
| -clinical features but biopsy |
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Term
| HOw do we treat equine papillomas? |
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Definition
-do nothing: usually spontaneously regress in 1-6 months
-surgical excision, cryotherapy, hyperthermia, autogenous vx
-ISOLATE |
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Term
| Absorption of serum by a graft soon after transplanting is called what? |
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Definition
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