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Equine Pelvic Limb
Quiz 2
293
Anatomy
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09/19/2010

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Term
What is the main function of the equine PL?
Definition
Propulsion, Rearing, & Speeding up
Term
How much of the body weight is borne by the PLs?
Definition
45%
Term
Which limbs are more subjected to injuries & lameness?
Definition
TLs
Term
What type of attachment does the PL have to the body? Is this the same for the TL?
Definition
Bony; Unlike TL
Term
Describe the gluteal mm.
Definition
Very well-devo
Term
What is the major extensor of the hip jt?
Definition
Middle Gluteal m.
Term
What m. does the middle gluteal m. blend w/? What is this important for?
Definition
Longissimus lumborum; Rearing
Term
What are the parts of the Superficial Gluteal m? How many heads does it have?
Definition
Cr & Cd; 2
Term
Name the Hamstrings
Definition
Semitendinosus m., Semimembranosus m., Biceps Femoris m.
Term
The hamstring mm. possess ___ heads.
Definition
Vertebral
Term
What innervates the hamstrings mm?
Definition
Cd Gluteal n/Sciatic n
Term
What mm. are responsible for rounding/filling of croup/rump of the horse?
Definition
Hamstrings
Term
What keeps the stifle extended?
Definition
Patellar Lock Mechanism
Term
What is the function of the hamstrings in the limb bearing wt?
Definition
Extend stifle & hock jts; Little overextension of the stifle & rotation of patella (biceps femoris) to unlock it
Term
What is the function of the hamstrings in the limb not bearing wt?
Definition
Flex the stifle jt
Term
What part(s) of the peroneus are present/absent?
Definition
Peroneus longus absent; Peroneus tertius completely tendinous
Term
What are the Cr-L mm of the PL?
Definition
Extensors of the digits & Flexors of the hock jt
Term
What innervates the CrL mm. of the PL?
Definition
Common Peroneal n. (Deep Peroneal)
Term
What are the CdM mm. of the PL, functionally?
Definition
Flexors of the digits & Extensors of the hock jt.
Term
What innervates the CdM mm. of the PL?
Definition
Tibial n.
Term
What is indicated by dragging of the pes?
Definition
Damaged peroneal n.
Term
What are the tendinous mm. of the leg?
Definition
Peroneus tertius, SDF, DDf, Interosseus
Term
What is the reason for the tendinous nature of the leg mm?
Definition
Supporting the jts, wt bearing w/ less m. activity, Prevent overextension of jts
Term
What are the components of the common calcaneal tendon?
Definition
Biceps femoris, Gastrocnemius, SDF, Gracilis, Semitendinosus, & Soleus mm.
Term
Does the horse have a soleus m.? Does the dog?
Definition
Yes; No
Term
Capped Hock
Definition
Calcaneal Bursae
Term
Where is/are the genetically determined calcaneal bursa(e)?
Definition
btw Calcaneus & Gastrocnemius tendon, & btw Gastrocnemius & SDF tendon
Term
Where is/are the acquired calcaneal bursa(e)?
Definition
Btw SDF tendon & Skin
Term
Where is the trochanteric bursa?
Definition
Btw Cr part of Greater Trochanter & aponeurotic attachment of Accessory Gluteal m.
Term
What type of bursa is the trochanteric bursa?
Definition
Synovial
Term
What can happen to the trochanteric bursa?
Definition
Inflammation --> Trochanteric Bursitis
Term
How does the trochanteric bursa become inflamed? (How can this be avoided?)
Definition
Prolonged L recumbency, ex during Sx (Avoid w/ cushioning)
Term
What is the main a. of the PL?
Definition
Femoral a.
Term
What are the branch & continuation of the femoral a.?
Definition
Saphenous & Popliteal aa.
Term
What is the last br of the femoral a?
Definition
Cd Femoral a.
Term
Where is the saphenous a?
Definition
In the femoral triangle; Courses distally & superficially on M & Cd aspect of limb
Term
Where does the femoral become the popliteal a?
Definition
Cd aspect of stifle jt (btw heads of gastrocnemius m.)
Term
What does the popliteal a. divide into?
Definition
Cr Tibial a., then Cd Tibial a.
Term
What does the saphenous a. divide into?
Definition
M & L Plantar aa.
Term
The Cr Tibial a. gives off the _____, which becomes the ____ at the hock.
Definition
D Pedal a., D Mt a. III
Term
Where is the Cr Tibial a.?
Definition
Passes through interosseous space (btw fibula & tibia) Cr-ward on DL part of tibiofibular segment
Term
What is the main blood supply to the crus?
Definition
Cr Tibial a.
Term
What a. comes off of the D Pedal a.?
Definition
Perforating Tarsal a.
Term
Where is the Perforating Tarsal a.?
Definition
Passes through vascular canal of hock to plantar surface
Term
What is the largest a. of the foot?
Definition
D Mt a III
Term
Where is the D Mt a III?
Definition
Passes below L splint to plantar surface
Term
What is another name for D Mt a. III?
Definition
Great Mt a.
Term
What is the main blood vessel for the equine pes, including the digit & hoof?
Definition
D Mt a. III
Term
Which is larger - Cr Tibial a. or Cd Tibial a.?
Definition
Cr Tibial a
Term
Where is the Cd Tibial a?
Definition
Runs distally along w/ DDF m.; Joins saphenous a. @ Sigmoid anastomosis
Term
Where are the M & L Plantar aa?
Definition
Superficially in the plantar grooves, along the digital flexor tendons
Term
Which plantar a. joins the D Mt a?
Definition
L
Term
Which a. joins the saphenous?
Definition
Cd Tibial
Term
What is formed by the anastomotic br's derived from the perforating tarsal a. & br's of the M & L plantar aa?
Definition
Deep Plantar Arch
Term
What forms the Deep Plantar Arch?
Definition
anastomotic br's derived from the perforating tarsal a. & br's of the M & L plantar aa
Term
Where do the M & L plantar Mt aa. come from?
Definition
Deep Plantar Arch
Term
What do the plantar aa. join?
Definition
Digital aa.
Term
What do the plantar Mt aa. join?
Definition
D Mt aa.
Term
What must be removed to access the L & M Plantar Mt aa?
Definition
Skin, SDF tendon, DDF tendon, Interosseous m.
Term
What does the Dorsal Mt a. III divide into? Where?
Definition
M & L Plantar Proper Digital aa.; just proximal to the fetlock jt
Term
_____ from the M & L plantar proper digital aa. go to D surfaces of the proximal & middle phalanges.
Definition
Dorsal Branches
Term
D brs from the M & L plantar proper digital aa. go to D surfaces of the ______.
Definition
proximal & middle phalanges
Term
What is formed by the anastomosis of the D & Plantar brs of the Digital aa? Where?
Definition
Terminal Arch; w/i P3
Term
What forms the terminal arch?
Definition
D & Plantar brs of Digital aa.
Term
The Perforating Tarsal a. is on the ____ surface of the ____.
Definition
Plantar; Pes
Term
The M & L Plantar aa. are in the ____.
Definition
Mt ridge in Plantar Groove
Term
The M & L Plantar Mt aa. are deep to the _____.
Definition
Interosseous m.
Term
_____ are satellites to aa.
Definition
Deep vv.
Term
Are there more vv. or aa. in the PL? (Why?)
Definition
vv. (Less P, carrying blood against gravity)
Term
What are the most important & prominent superficial vv.?
Definition
D Mt v. II; M & L Saphenous vv.; Femoral v.
Term
Femoral v. --> ___ ==> ___ --> ___
Definition
Ext iliac vv., Common iliac v., Cd VC
Term
What is the main venous drainage of the pes?
Definition
Dorsal Mt v. II
Term
What is formed by the highly developed ntwk of vv. in the hoof dermis?
Definition
Venous Plexuses
Term
What plexus is along the coronary band?
Definition
Coronary Venous Plexus
Term
What plexus is on the D hoof?
Definition
D Venous Plexus
Term
What are the venous plexuses of the pes/manus?
Definition
Coronary; D; Plantar/Palmar
Term
What v. runs into the venous plexuses of the pes?
Definition
L Plantar Proper Digital v.
Term
What is the main lymphocenter of the PL?
Definition
Popliteal Lymphocenter
Term
What is the popliteal lymphocenter? What does it drain? Where do its efferents go?
Definition
Several lnn. in popliteal fossa; drain part of limb distal to it; Deep inguinal lnn.
Term
The entire PL has ____ as its lymph drainage.
Definition
Deep Inguinal lnn.
Term
What innervates the quads?
Definition
Femoral n.
Term
What is innervated by the obturator n?
Definition
Adductor, Pectineus, Gracilis mm.
Term
What are the main nn. of the PL? (& applicable parts)
Definition
Femoral, Obturator, Sciatic (Tibial & Common Peroneal)
Term
What innervates the distal PL?
Definition
Tibial & Common Peroneal nn.
Term
Common Peroneal n. innervates _____.
Definition
Extensors of Digits/Flexors of Hock (CrL)
Term
What is another name for the common peroneal n.?
Definition
Common fibular n.
Term
What innervates the deeper structures of the D face of the PL?
Definition
Deep Peroneal n.
Term
What does the Common Peroneal n. divide into? Where?
Definition
Superficial & Deep Peroneal nn.; L aspect of stifle
Term
What part of the limb is innervated by the superficial peroneal n?
Definition
Dorsolateral
Term
Where does the superficial peroneal n. lie?
Definition
Btw Long & Lateral Digital Extensor Tendons
Term
What supplies the latter mm. & skin of the L part of leg?
Definition
Superficial Peroneal n.
Term
To what level does the superficial peroneal n. continue?
Definition
Distally to fetlock level
Term
The deep peroneal n. becomes ____ after it branches to CrL group of mm.
Definition
Entirely Sensory
Term
What are the terminal br's of the deep peroneal n?
Definition
M & L D Mt nn.
Term
What do the M & L D Mt nn. supply?
Definition
Skin & Jts of distal PL
Term
Most nn. become ____ below the ____.
Definition
Sensory; Hock jt
Term
Where is the tibial n?
Definition
Passes distally btw heads of gastrocnemius m. in popliteal region
Term
Is the tibial n. palpable?
Definition
Yes, Cr to common calcaneal tendon, above hock
Term
What does the tibial n. supply?
Definition
Cd group of mm.
Term
Where does the tibial n. become sensory?
Definition
@ level of hock
Term
What does the tibial n. divide into? Where?
Definition
M & L Plantar nn.; Cd to Calcaneus
Term
Where are the M & L Plantar nn located?
Definition
Superficially in plantar grooves, along the digital flexor tendons
Term
What is btw the M & L plantar nn. midway in the Mt?
Definition
Lateroventral Communicating Branch
Term
Is the communicating branch btw the plantar nn. palpable? Why or why not?
Definition
Yes; located superficial to flexor tendons
Term
What innervates the deep structures of the plantar aspect of the limb?
Definition
L plantar n. through M & L Plantar Mt nn.
Term
Where do the M & L Plantar Mt nn. end?
Definition
@ level of fetlock jt
Term
Where does the L plantar n. originate?
Definition
By a common trunk/deep br of the L & M Plantar Mt nn. in the plantar groove
Term
The M & L Plantar nn. course distally on either side of the _____ along w/ ____.
Definition
DDF Tendon; Vessels
Term
The M & L Plantar nn. become ______ nn. on the sides of the prox sesamoid bb. & Cr to SDF tendon.
Definition
M & L (Plantar) Digital
Term
The M & L Plantar Digital nn. send ____ to the ___ surface of the digit.
Definition
D br's; D
Term
What is another name for the hip jt?
Definition
Coxal jt
Term
What type of jt is the hip jt?
Definition
Synovial, Composite, Ball & Socket
Term
What bones comprise the hip jt?
Definition
Ilium, Pubis, Ischium, Head of femur
Term
What are the articular surfaces of the hip jt?
Definition
Round head of femur, Deep acetabulum
Term
What deepens the acetabulum?
Definition
Labrum acetabulare/Acetabular Lip
Term
What is the labrum acetabulare?
Definition
Fibrocartilage lip on the rim of the acetabulum
Term
What is the portion of the acetabular lip that traverses/bridges the acetabular notch?
Definition
Transverse Acetabular lig.
Term
The jt capsule of the hip is ___.
Definition
Capacious
Term
Does the hip jt have collateral ligg?
Definition
No
Term
What helps stabilize the hip jt?
Definition
Adjacent mm
Term
What type of jts have collateral ligg?
Definition
Hinge jt's
Term
Describe the lig. of the head of the femur.
Definition
Very stout; intra-articular portion enclosed in the synovial membrane
Term
Where is the lig. of the head of the femur?
Definition
Extends from acetabular fossa to the fovea capitis of the femur
Term
What is a unique equine feature/lig. of the femur?
Definition
Accessory lig. of the head of the femur
Term
Where is the accessory lig. of head of femur?
Definition
Extends from prepubic tendon, passing outwards, backwards & upwards, & through the acetabular notch to end in the fovea capitis, close to the lig. of head of femur
Term
What is limited by the accessory lig of H of F?
Definition
Inward rotation (Pronation) as well as abduction of the thigh
Term
What does the accessory lig. of H of F assist in?
Definition
Maintenance of general stability of jt
Term
What are the mvmts of the hip jt?
Definition
Mainly extension & flexion in a sagittal plane
Term
What allows little rotation of the hip?
Definition
Antagonism btw biceps femoris & semitendinosus mm. @ stifle jt
Term
What is the inclination angle of the shaft of the ilium to the horizontal plane?
Definition
30-35
Term
What is the normal angle of flexion of the hip jt?
Definition
110-115
Term
The hip jt is normally partially ____, therefore it ______.
Definition
Flexed; Absorbs concussion
Term
What protects the hip jt from injury?
Definition
Large trochanter of the femur, which is itself subjected to extensive bruising or even fracture.
Term
What hampers hip mvmt, while initiating forward propulsion force?
Definition
Large muscle masses
Term
Other jts of the limb _____ from the hip jt.
Definition
Take a cue
Term
What is the best example of a condylar jt?
Definition
Stifle/Genual Jt
Term
What is the largest single jt of the body?
Definition
Stifle
Term
What type of jt is the stifle?
Definition
Synovial, Condylar, Compound
Term
What are the component articulations of the stifle jt?
Definition
Femoropatellar & Femorotibial jts
Term
What type of jt is the femoropatellar?
Definition
Simple Gliding
Term
What type of jt is the femorotibial?
Definition
Simple condylar
Term
What are the bb. of the stifle jt?
Definition
Distal femur, Proximal tibia, Patella
Term
What are the jt capsules of the stifle?
Definition
Femoropatellar, M & L Femorotibial
Term
Where is the femoropatellar jt capsule?
Definition
btw trochlea of femur & patella
Term
Where are the M & L Femorotibial jt capsules?
Definition
btw condyles of femur & condyles of tibia
Term
How many synovial sacs are in the stifle?
Definition
3
Term
What % of horses have communicating femoropatellar & L femorotibial sacs?
Definition
25%
Term
What % of horses have communicating femoropatellar & M femorotibial sacs?
Definition
100%
Term
What % of horses have communicating L & M femorotibial sacs?
Definition
0
Term
The trochlea of the femur consists of ______, separated by ____.
Definition
M & L ridges; a Groove
Term
Which ridge of the trochlea is larger?
Definition
M
Term
What does the M ridge of the trochlea have that is important in patellar lock?
Definition
Cartilage-covered tubercle, medially
Term
What is the resting surface of the trochlea?
Definition
Proximal part facing CrD (short & distal)
Term
What is the gliding surface of the trochlea?
Definition
The part facing CrV (Long & proximal)
Term
What happens in patellar lock?
Definition
Stifle jt can't flex
Term
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Definition
Patella
Term
What is the patella part of?
Definition
The tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris m.
Term
What is the cartilage borne by the medial angle of the patella?
Definition
Parapatellar fibrocartilage
Term
How many surfaces does the articular surface of the patella have? What are they called?
Definition
2; Resting Surface & Gliding Surface
Term
The patella provides the ____ w/ a large gliding surface during ______
Definition
Quadriceps femoris m.; Flexion & Extension
Term
What does the patella protect?
Definition
Tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris from excessive friction
Term
What are the thick, semilunar fibrocartilage discs at the femorotibial jt?
Definition
M & L Menisci
Term
M & L Menisci
Definition
thick, semilunar fibrocartilage discs at the femorotibial jt
Term
The M & L Menisci are ____ @ the center.
Definition
Avascular
Term
What is the function of the M & L menisci?
Definition
Provide add'l surface for lubricating action of synovial fluid; Fill space btw condyles of femur & tibia, minimizing incongruence btw bones
Term
Describe the jt capsule of the femorotibial jt.
Definition
Extensive & of large capacity; Thin
Term
Name the ligg. of the stifle jt.
Definition
M, Middle, & L Patellar ligg., M & L Collateral ligg., Cr & Cd Cruciate ligg., Cr, Cd, M & L Meniscal ligg., M & L Femoropatellar ligg.
Term
Where do the patellar ligg. attach?
Definition
From sides of patella to tibial tuberosity
Term
What are the patellar ligg?
Definition
Tendons of insertion of the quadriceps femoris m.
Term
Where do the collateral ligg. of the stifle attach?
Definition
M: From M epicondyle of femur to M Condyle of Tibia L: From L epicondyle of femur to Head of Fibula
Term
Where is the Cr Cruciate lig?
Definition
from fossa of spine of tibia, to L wall of intercondylar fossa of femur
Term
The Cd Cruciate lig runs _____.
Definition
Cranioproximally
Term
The Cr Cruciate lig runs _____.
Definition
Caudoproximally
Term
Where is the Cd cruciate lig?
Definition
from popliteal notch of tibia, to Cr part of intercondyloid fossa of femur
Term
What covers the Cd cruciate lig?
Definition
Synovial membrane (intra-articular)
Term
What is the function of the cruciate ligg?
Definition
Stabilize stifle, prevent excessive gliding of femur on tibia, prevent over-extension (esp. Cr), prevent over-flexion (Cr & Cd) of stifle
Term
What is more common of the stifle - over-extension or over-flexion?
Definition
Over-extension
Term
Where are the meniscal ligg?
Definition
Attach Cr & Cd horns of menisci to Cr & Cd intercondylar areas of tibia
Term
How many meniscal ligg are there?
Definition
4
Term
What is the function of the meniscal ligg?
Definition
Stabilize the menisci
Term
What are the femoropatellar ligg?
Definition
Delicate bands of tissue
Term
Where does the M femoropatellar lig attach?
Definition
To parapatellar fibrocartilage
Term
Where do both femoropatellar ligg attach?
Definition
Caudally to femoral epicondyles, from sides of patella
Term
What do the femoropatellar ligg fuse w/?
Definition
Jt capsule fibrous layer
Term
What is the function of the femoropatellar ligg?
Definition
Hold patella in place
Term
What are the mvmt's of the Stifle jts?
Definition
Mainly flexion & extension, some rotation
Term
The stifle jt is normally partially _____; therefore ____.
Definition
Flexed; Concussion absorbing
Term
Which cruciate lig(g) prevent(s) hyper-extension?
Definition
Especially Cr
Term
Which cruciate lig(g) prevent(s) hyper-flexion?
Definition
Both
Term
In the stifle, both ____ & ____ move in unison.
Definition
Femoropatellar & Femorotibial jts.
Term
In patellar lock-position, _____ is virtually non-existent.
Definition
Muscular activity
Term
The patellar lock is brought about by ______ m.
Definition
Quadriceps femoris
Term
What does the quadriceps femoris do in the patellar lock?
Definition
Moves patella which glides proximally over M ridge of trochlea on which parapatellar liig hooks & rests
Term
Where does the parapatellar lig hook & rest in patellar lock?
Definition
M ridge of trochlea
Term
In patellar lock, ______ protrudes through the loop formed by _____, ____, & ____.
Definition
M Trochlear Ridge; M & Middle Patellar ligg., Patellar Fibrocartilage
Term
During patellar lock, the stifle is _____.
Definition
Locked in extension
Term
The patellar lock mechanism is the key to ________.
Definition
Stay apparatus of PL
Term
When stifle extends, hock _____. What ensures this?
Definition
Extends; Reciprocal Apparatus
Term
When does patellar lock occur?
Definition
When horse bears wt on 1 limb
Term
What is the angle of the stifle jt when the horse bears wt on only 1 limb?
Definition
145-150
Term
What is the angle of articulation of the stifle jt w/ both limbs bearing wt?
Definition
135
Term
Is there patellar lock when wt is borne on both PL equally?
Definition
No
Term
Patellar luxation is not uncommon in ____.
Definition
Foals
Term
Does the stifle joint have many problems?
Definition
Few, but intractable when they occur
Term
The stifle jt is ____, but ___.
Definition
Complicated; Efficient
Term
Where can the L femorotibial jt cavity be injected?
Definition
Btw Long digital extensor tendon & L collateral lig
Term
Where can the M femorotibial jt cavity be injected?
Definition
Btw M Patellar lig. & M collateral lig.
Term
Where can the femoropatellar jt cavity be injected?
Definition
Cd to L patellar lig, close to patella
Term
What type of jt is the tarsal jt?
Definition
Synovial, Compound, Hinge/Ginglymus
Term
What is another name for the tarsal jt?
Definition
Hock jt
Term
What is the most worked joint?
Definition
Tarsal/Hock
Term
What are the mvmts of the tarsal jt?
Definition
Extension & Flexion
Term
How many bones are in the tarsal jt?
Definition
6 usually (but less degree of mvmt btw component bones than in carpus)
Term
How many rows are the tarsal bones arranged in?
Definition
3
Term
What is in the proximal row of the tarsus?
Definition
Calcaneus (fibular tarsal) & Talus (tibial tarsal)
Term
What is in the distal row of the tarsus?
Definition
Central, T1 + 2 fused, T3, T4
Term
Where is the vascular canal for the perforating tarsal a.?
Definition
Btw T3 & T4 bones
Term
What are the 3 main articulations of the hock jt?
Definition
Tarsocrural/Tibiotarsal; Intertarsal (Prox & Dist); Tarsometatarsal
Term
Where is the tibiotarsal/tarsocrural jt?
Definition
Btw cochlea of tibia & trochlea of talus (tibial tarsal bone)
Term
The trochlea of the talus is _____ & _____.
Definition
Oblique; Laterally-directed
Term
The oblique, laterally-directed trochlea of the talus causes ____.
Definition
Outward mvmt of hock in motion (while stifle of toe turned inward) due to prox gliding of tibia over trochlea
Term
During ____, the obliquity of the trochlea of the talus assists in _____, thus avoiding _____.
Definition
Flexion; Turning stifle outward; Cd Thoracic wall
Term
Where is the proximal intertarsal jt?
Definition
Btw Talus & Calcaneus proximally; Btw Central & T4 distally
Term
Where is the distal intertarsal jt?
Definition
Btw central tarsal & T4 proximally & laterally; Btw 1st & 2nd fused, & 3rd tarsal bones distally
Term
Where is the tarsometatarsal jt?
Definition
Btw distal row of tarsals & metatarsal bones
Term
What is the joint capsule of the hock?
Definition
Common jt capsule from distal tibia to peri-articular surfaces of Mt bones
Term
Where does the deep surface of the jt capsule of the hock attach?
Definition
Component bones
Term
Describe the plantar & D surfaces of the jt capsule of the hock.
Definition
Thick; may be partly cartilaginous on plantar surface
Term
Describe the proximal end of the jt capsule of the hock.
Definition
Thin; often bulges out w/ synovial fluid accumulation (bog spavin)
Term
Spavin
Definition
Disorder of the horse's hock (ex: inflam)
Term
Where should injections be done for the tarsocrural jt & the proximal intertarsal jt?
Definition
D pouch
Term
How many synovial sacs are in the hock jt?
Definition
4 (1 for each jt)
Term
What is the best formed, most important synovial sac of the hock?
Definition
Tibiotarsal/Tarsocrural sac
Term
What does the tibiotarsal/tarsocrural sac communicate w/? Do other sacs communicate?
Definition
Proximal intertarsal sac; Rarely
Term
Where is the M collateral lig of the hock?
Definition
From M malleolus to talus & proximal ends of 2nd or 3rd Mts
Term
What are the 2 portions of the M collateral lig of the hock?
Definition
Long & Short
Term
What encloses the short part of the M collateral lig of the hock?
Definition
Long part
Term
Where does the short part of the M collateral lig of the hock insert?
Definition
Talus
Term
Which part of the M collateral lig of the hock is superficial?
Definition
Long
Term
Which part of the M collateral lig of the hock is deep?
Definition
Short
Term
Where is the L collateral lig of the hock?
Definition
From L malleolus to calcaneus, T4, Mt3 & Mt4
Term
What are the 2 portions of the L collateral lig of the hock?
Definition
Long & Short
Term
Where do the portions of the L collateral lig of the hock insert?
Definition
Caudally on talus & calcaneus
Term
What is the most important lig in the tarsus?
Definition
Long Plantar lig
Term
What does the long plantar lig. of the hock occupy?
Definition
Lateroplantar aspect of hock (from calcaneus to T4 & Mt4)
Term
What is the function of the long plantar lig of the hock?
Definition
Stabilize calcaneus when under force of common calcanean tendon
Term
What happens to the long plantar lig when swollen? What is this condition called?
Definition
Due strain causes convexity of plantar surface; Curb
Term
What are the ligg. of the hock?
Definition
M & L collateral ligg., Long Plantar lig., Dorsal lig., Accessory lig
Term
What is the shape of the dorsal lig. of the hock?
Definition
Triangular
Term
What is the function of the D lig. of the hock?
Definition
Stabilization of the jt
Term
Where does the D lig. of the hock arise?
Definition
Distal tuberosity on M part of talus
Term
Where does the D lig. of the hock insert?
Definition
Mt2 & 3, Cental Tarsal bone, T3
Term
What is the accessory lig. of the hock?
Definition
Distal extension of plantar part of jt capsule
Term
What does the accessory lig of the hock join?
Definition
Tendon of DDF m. in mid-Mt
Term
Is the accessory lig. of the hock always present?
Definition
No
Term
What is the cunean tendon?
Definition
M limb of tendon of Cr Tibial m
Term
What does the Cr Tibial m. tendon divide into?
Definition
D & M limbs
Term
Where does the D limb of the Cr Tibial tendon insert?
Definition
Mt3
Term
Where does the cunean tendon insert?
Definition
T1/2
Term
What lies under the cunean tendon & what is it over?
Definition
Subtendinous/Cunean bursa; M Collateral lig of hock
Term
What can happen to the subtendinous/cunean bursa? What does this necessitate?
Definition
Cunean bursitis; Cunean tendonectomy
Term
What is another name for the stifle jt?
Definition
Genual jt
Term
What is the only tendon passing over the hock that is not invested by a tendon sheath?
Definition
SDF
Term
What is the tendon sheath of the Lateral DF m. & Cd Tibal m?
Definition
Tarsal Synovial Sheath
Term
What mm. are invested by the tarsal synovial sheath?
Definition
Lateral DF & Cd Tibial mm. (2 heads of the DDF)
Term
Where do tendon sheaths of the hock generally extend from?
Definition
Proximal to Malleoli to the Proximal quarter of the Metatarsus
Term
What are the movements of the hock jt?
Definition
Mainly flexion & extension
Term
Which joint of the hock has the most movement?
Definition
Tarsocrural jt
Term
Aside from the tarsocrural jt. the movements of the others are _______.
Definition
Little, only gliding
Term
The hock jt. is normally partially _______, leading to a great deal of ________.
Definition
Flexed; Concussion Absorption
Term
How does the hock jt. move, compared to the hip & stifle? What is the term for this?
Definition
Takes a cue from them; Reciprocal Apparatus
Term
What is the hardest worked jt. in the equine body?
Definition
Hock
Term
What do strains & stresses on the hock cause?
Definition
Spavin
Term
What does the reciprocal apparatus ensure?
Definition
Simultaneous, reciprocal movement @ both the stifle & hock jts.
Term
When the stifle jt. flexes, the hock jt. _____.
Definition
Flexes
Term
When the stifle extends, the hock _____.
Definition
Extends
Term
The stifle & hock jts. move _____.
Definition
in unison
Term
The reciprocal apparatus is a portion of the _______.
Definition
Stay apparatus
Term
The reciprocal apparatus is limited to ______.
Definition
PL
Term
What does the reciprocal apparatus prevent?
Definition
Fatigue in mm. in prolonged standing; jerky, uncoordinated movements of the affected jt's
Term
The patellar lock system is part of the ______.
Definition
Stay apparatus
Term
What are the Cr structures of the stay apparatus?
Definition
Peroneus (Fibularis) tertius m. (entirely tendinous)
Term
What is the origin & insertion of the peroneus tertius m?
Definition
Extensor Fossa of Femur; Cr surface of Prox end of Mt 3, 3rd tarsal, talus, 4th tarsal
Term
What are the Cd structures of the stay apparatus?
Definition
SDF Tendon (almost entirely tendinous); ~Gastrocnemius m.
Term
Where does the SDF tendon lie?
Definition
Btw 2 heads of gastrocnemius m.
Term
What are the origin & insertion of the SDF?
Definition
Supracondylar Fossa of Femur; Tuber Calcaneum & 1st & 2nd phalanges
Term
When the stifle is locked in extension (patellar lock), the hock is _____.
Definition
Indirectly locked in extension
Term
What results from rupture of the peroneus tertius m?
Definition
Abnormal, jerky flexing of the hock
Term
What results from both peroneus tertius & SDF tendons rupturing?
Definition
Hock drops to ground
Term
What are some terms for when the hock drops to the ground?
Definition
Sinking/Dropping of the hock
Term
At what level does dropping of the hock usually occur?
Definition
Fetlock jt.
Term
Rupture of _____ leads to abnormal, jerky flexing of the hock.
Definition
Peroneus tertius m.
Term
Rupture of _____ leads to dropping of the hock.
Definition
Both peroneus tertius & SDF tendons
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