Term
| Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury |
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Definition
a series of clinical changes within the first 24 hours in foals which appear normal at birth
leads to varying degrees of depression and disorientation (neurological signs) due to hypoxic/ischemic brain injury |
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Term
| Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury Pathogenesis |
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Definition
not completely known
shearing forces and birth trauma
bleeding in brain increased intracrnaial pressure and increases in ischemia, hypoxia, edema, acidosis, further increased pressure in a cycle |
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Term
| Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury Consistent Signs |
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Definition
normal at birth
become abnormal within 24 hours of life
loss of suck reflex
loss of affinity for mare
incessant chewing
hypersensitivity to external stimuli |
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Term
| Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury Inconsistent Signs |
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Definition
aimless wandering
recumbency but still active
opistotonus
convulsions, coma |
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Term
| Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury Treatment |
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Definition
anticonvulsants (Diazepam, phenobarbital)
oxygen
IV fluid therapy
acidosis therapy (NaHCO3)
prophylatic antibiotics
excellent nursing care
feeding through tube
anti-cerebral edema therapy (mannitol and DMSO) |
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Term
| Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury Prognosis |
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Definition
greater than 50% survival with treatment
most improve within 24-48 hours but some take longer
future athleticism is unaffected |
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Term
| Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury Diagnosis |
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Definition
rule out diagnosis
opthalmologic exam shows increased intracranial pressure |
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Term
| Failure of Passive Transfer |
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Definition
| inadequate passive transfer of maternal antibodies via colostrum to the neonatal foal within first 24 hours of lfie |
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Term
| Failure of Passive Transfer Classification |
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Definition
foal plasma/serum IgG
>800 mg/dl = adequate passive transfer
400-800 mg/dl = partial FPT
<400 mg/dl = compelte FPT |
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Term
| Passive Transfer Physiology |
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Definition
equine fetus makes only IgM in utero
epitheliochorial placenta prevents transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies to the foal
mare mammary gland concentrates serum Ig 2-4 weeks prior to birth
foal must ingest and absorb adequate good quality colostrium within 12-18 hours |
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Term
| Failure of Passive Transfer Pathogenesis |
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Definition
premature lactation due to placentitis
inadequate colostrum production
failure to suck colostrum by the foal
poor colostral absorption by intestine (gut closes 18-24 hours after birth)
stress by the foal or premature foals |
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Term
| Failure of Passive Transfer Signs |
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Definition
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Term
| Failure of Passive Transfer Diagnosis |
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Definition
colostral IgG concentration
Single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) is gold standard
SNAP Foal IgG (ELISA)
many others |
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Term
| Failure of Passive Transfer Treatment |
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Definition
check serum IgG next day
high quality colostrum
plasma (poorly studied)
Iv therapy if no colostrum available |
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