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Equine Head & Neck
Quiz 1
70
Anatomy
Professional
08/28/2010

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Cards

Term
What is the vertebral formula for the horse?
Definition
C7, T18, L6, S5, Ca 15-21
Term
What regions of the horse's spine are free & flexible?
Definition
Cervical & Caudal
Term
Mvmts btw vert are limited, but _____ mvmts in each region are appreciable.
Definition
Cumulative
Term
Vertebral mvmts are mainly _____, _____, & _____ _____
Definition
D, V, & L Flexion
Term
What area has the least amount of regional or segmental movement?
Definition
Thoracolumbar
Term
Why is the thoracolumbar region relatively immobile?
Definition
Interspinous ligg., Intertransverse ligg., synovial jts btw L4 & L5, and L6 & S, Thin intervertebral discs, relative shortness of segment
Term
What is the most mobile part of the vertebral column?
Definition
Lumbosacral jt
Term
What are interspinous ligg.?
Definition
white, fibrous CT btw T & L vert
Term
What are intertransverse ligg.?
Definition
membranes linking L TPs
Term
What are intertransverse jts?
Definition
well-formed Synovial jts, reinforced w/ V jt. capsule
Term
What is the importance of the mobility in the LS jt?
Definition
Transmission of propulsion from PLs to Cr part of body
Term
What is the function of the TLs?
Definition
Support & Landing; Posture
Term
What is the function of the PLs?
Definition
Propulsion
Term
What does the vertebral column bear the weight of?
Definition
Abd organs
Term
Length-wise, how is the L area of the spine?
Definition
Relatively short
Term
What % of the length of the vertebral column is the L part?
Definition
10%
Term
What % of the vertebral column is the L area in carnivores & humans?
Definition
16% & 25%
Term
Is the center of gravity closer to the TLs or PLs in most quadrupeds?
Definition
TLs
Term
Why is the center of gravity nearer to the forelimbs?
Definition
Weight of head & neck
Term
What is the ratio of weight borne by the TL:PL in the horse?
Definition
55:45
Term
What is the ratio of weight borne by the TL:PL in the dog?
Definition
60:40
Term
How can center of gravity be shifted?
Definition
Movement of the head
Term
Do the PLs move through the C of G in the running horse? In the dog?
Definition
No; Yes
Term
What is the dorsoscapular lig. formed by?
Definition
TL fascia in the interscapular region (withers)
Term
From where to where does the dorsoscapular lig. extend?
Definition
T2-T5
Term
What type of tissue is the dorsoscapular lig?
Definition
Fibroelastic CT
Term
Where does the dorsoscapular lig. attach in the T2-5 area?
Definition
SPs, TPs, M Scapula, Ribs
Term
Where does the dorsoscapular lig. arise?
Definition
V to ligamentum nuchae; M to rhomboideus thoracis m.
Term
What are the 3 layers of the dorsoscapular lig?
Definition
Superficial, Middle, Deep
Term
Where is the supraspinous bursa?
Definition
Btw funiculus nuchae & summit of SP of T3
Term
Where does the dorsoscapular lig. prevent/permit spread of inf. from the supraspinous bursa?
Definition
to underlying tissue/Craniocaudal
Term
What is the most important function of the supraspinous bursa?
Definition
Part of the Concussion Absorption Mechanism of TLs
Term
What pathogen infects the supraspinous bursa, causing fistulous withers?
Definition
Brucella abortus
Term
What mm. form the borders of the jugular groove?
Definition
D: Brachiocephalicus (Cleidomastoideus/Cleidocephalicus), V: Sternocephalicus, M: Omohyoideus
Term
Which part of the brachiocephalicus m. persists?
Definition
Cleidomastoideus
Term
What part of the sternocephalicus m. persists? Where does it attach?
Definition
Sternomandibularis - to the angle of the mandible
Term
What are the 2 parts of the splenius m.?
Definition
Splenius cervicis & Splenius capitis
Term
What is the action of the atlanto-occipital jt?
Definition
Flexion & Extension ("Yes")
Term
What is the action of the atlanto-axial jt?
Definition
Rotation around the dens ("No")
Term
What must be punctured to access the subarachnoid space to collect CSF?
Definition
Atlanto-occipital membrane, dura mater, arachnoid mater
Term
What ligg. are present in the horse (but not dog) at the Occipital-atlanto-axial jts?
Definition
Longitudal lig. of the dens (Lig. longitudinale dentis) & Lig. of the apex of the dens (Lig. apicis dentis)
Term
Is the nuchal lig. well-developed or poorly-developed in the horse?
Definition
Well-developed
Term
What are the 2 parts of the nuchal lig?
Definition
Funiculus nuchae & Lamina nuchae
Term
What is the funiculus nuchae continuous with?
Definition
supraspinous lig. at T3
Term
What is the origin of the funiculus nuchae?
Definition
External Occipital Protuberance
Term
Which way does the funiculus nuchae run, & to which vert. does it not attach?
Definition
Caudally; C1 & C2
Term
Where is the funiculus nuchae widened?
Definition
Withers
Term
What is the highest point in the standing animal?
Definition
EOP
Term
Where is the lamina nuchae fenestrated?
Definition
Ventrally
Term
From where to where does the lamina nuchae extend?
Definition
SP of C2 to C7
Term
Where do the funiculus & lamina nuchae fuse?
Definition
C3
Term
Caudal to its attachment with the funiculus nuchae, to what vert. does the lamina nuchae attach?
Definition
T1 to T4
Term
Where does the lamina nuchae prevent/permit spread of inf.?
Definition
Transversely/Cr-Cd
Term
What 3 bursae are associated with the nuchal lig.?
Definition
Cr. Nuchal Bursa, Cd. Nuchal Bursa, Supraspinous Bursa
Term
Is the Cr Nuchal Bursa acquired or genetically determined?
Definition
Acquired
Term
Is the Cd Nuchal Bursa acquired or genetically determined?
Definition
Acquired
Term
Is the Supraspinous Bursa acquired or genetically determined?
Definition
Genetically Determined
Term
Is the Cr or Cd Nuchal Bursa more constant?
Definition
Cr
Term
Where does the Cr Nuchal Bursa lie?
Definition
Btw funiculus nuchae & D tubercle of atlas
Term
What is inflammation of the Cr nuchal bursa leading to necrosis of the funiculus nuchae?
Definition
Poll evil
Term
Where does the Cd nuchal bursa lie?
Definition
Btw funiculus nuchae & SP of axis
Term
How long is the supraspinous bursa?
Definition
~40mm (4cm)
Term
What is caused by inflammation & rupture of the supraspinous bursa?
Definition
Fistulous Withers
Term
Where does the ext. jugular v. lie?
Definition
Jugular Groove
Term
What m. covers the jugular v. caudoventrally?
Definition
Cutaneous Colli m.
Term
Where is venipuncture done in the ext. jugular v?
Definition
Cr 1/3 or 2/3
Term
What are the boundaries of the visceral space?
Definition
V: Strap mm; L: Omohyoideus & Sternocephalicus; D: Longus Colli & Longus Capitis
Term
What are the contents of the visceral space?
Definition
Cervical trachea, cervical esophagus, cervical thymus, Carotid sheath, Recurrent Laryngeal n., Tracheal Duct
Term
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
Definition
Common carotid a., Vagosympathetic trunk
Term
What do the deep cervical lnn. drain?
Definition
Head, Neck, Esophagus, Larynx, Thyroid
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