Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Eq Nutrition 1
Exam 1
76
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
09/22/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are the accessory organs? (2)
Definition
Liver & Pancreas
Term
What are the components of the horse's digestive system in order from mouth->butt (6)
Definition
Stomach, Sm Int, Cecum, Lg colon, Sm colon, Rectum
Term
Of the components of the digestive system, which is the largest?
Definition
Small Intestine
Term
Of the components of the digestive system, which is the smallest?
Definition
Rectum
Term
Which component of the dig system is known as the "blind sac"?
Definition
Cecum
Term
What are the 3 segments (in order) of the small intestine?
Definition
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Term
T/F: The horse has a gallbladder?
Definition
FALSE
Term
Define digestion.
Definition
Breakdown of large molecules into simpler chemical compunds that can be absorbed.
Term
Name the 4 types of digestion.
Definition
Microbial (fermentation), chemical (bile), enzymatic, mechanical (chewing)
Term
Name the 6 classes of nutrients.
Definition
Carbs, Fats, Proteins, Water, Minerals, Vitamins
Term
Name 2 examples of NSC
Definition
Sugars & Starches
Term
How are NSC digested?
Definition
By horse and microbes
Term
Name 3 examples of Structural CHO
Definition
lignin, insoluble fibers, soluble fibers
Term
How are structural CHO digested?
Definition
ONLY by microbes
Term
Which is easier to chew: hay or oats?
Definition
Oats (380 chews/lb)>> Hay (1550 chews/lb)
Term
List the following in order of rate of intake: oats, extruded, hay, pellets
Definition
Pellets > Oats > Extruded >> Hay
Term
What is unique about the anatomy of the equine stomach?
Definition
Can't regurgitate and no gallbladder
Term
What are the 2 reasons a horse can't regurgitate?
Definition
Cardiac sphincter muscle is too strong and no reverse peristalsis
Term
Name 3 functions of saliva.
Definition
1. mucous lubricates the food for easier swallowing, 2. bicarbonate buffers, 3. limited dig action
Term
When is saliva produced?
Definition
Produced in response to presence of food in mouth
Term
Saliva production based on feed type- which produces more saliva: pasture, hay, oats?
Definition
Hay > Pasture >> Oats
Term
Name 2 major types of gastric mucosa
Definition
Glandular & Non-glandular
Term
What is the name of the line that seperates the glandular region from the non-glandular region?
Definition
Margo Plicatus
Term
What "region" is in the non-glandular mucosa?
Definition
Esophageal region
Term
What 3 regions are in the glandular mucosa?
Definition
Pyloric region, Fundic region, & cardiac region
Term
Which type of mucosa has stratified squamous epithelial cells?
Definition
Non-glandular
Term
T/F: No absorption of food occurs in the stomach.
Definition
True
Term
What does the cardiac region secrete?
Definition
Mucus
Term
What does the Fundic region secrete?
Definition
Mucus, HCL, Pepsinogen
Term
What does the Pyloric region secrete?
Definition
Mucus, Pepsinogen, Gastrin
Term
How long does food spend in the stomach?
Definition
about 30 mins
Term
What is digested in the stomach?
Definition
Nothing.
Term
What type of digestion takes place in Sm Int?
Definition
Mostly enzymatic, some chemical
Term
The small intestine is the primary site of digestion of: (3 nutrients)
Definition
NSC, Proteins, Lipids
Term
What 5 nutrients get absorbed in Sm Int?
Definition
Simple sugars (glucose, fructose), AA's, Fatty Acids, Most mierals, Vitamins
Term
Most food will pass through the S.I. within (time)?
Definition
1-3 hours
Term
Why is there a limit of starch digestion in stomach and small intestine?
Definition
Amylase is low
Term
What nutrients enter the hindgut from the Small Intestine? (3)
Definition
Structural CHO, NSC (from SI), Protein (from SI)
Term
Define fermentation
Definition
anaerobic digestion
Term
T/F: Microbial fermentation is the only type of digestion that occurs in the hindgut.
Definition
True
Term
Name the 7 by-products of microbial fermentation.
Hire Vagina Girls 2 Lactate, B&K
Definition
Heat, VFA, gas, Lactate, b vit, vit k, ... protein
Term
2 types of microbes:
Definition
utilizers and digesters
Term
What 4 requirements are needed for happy microbes?
FF RN
Definition
consistent source of food, fluid environment, long retention time, and to neutralize acid products
Term
What does the horse absorb in the hindgut? (5)
Big Vaginas Lactate Pre-Menopause
Definition
vit B, VFA, Lactate, Proteins, Minerals
Term
Which 1/2 of the dig tract secretes more fluid than it absorbs?
Definition
mouth -> jejunum
Term
The majority of the fluid is absorbed by which part of the GIT?
Definition
ileum -> small colon
Term
Fluid secretions are equivalent to what % of the horse's body weight/day?
Definition
10%
Term
What is an ulcer?
Definition
Lesion resulting from erosion
Term
Name ulcer aggressive factors. (5)
Definition
HCL, Organic acids, Pepsin, Bile acid reflux, helicobacter pylori
Term
What ulcer protective factors exist in the stomach?
Definition
Feed, Saliva, Mucosa regeneration, Mucosal blood flow, Bicarbonate secrection, Mucus secretion, PGE2
Term
What are the physiological risk factors for squamous ulcers?
Definition
Large non-gland region, highly susceptible to acid injury, desquamation, freq recumbency
Term
Where is the most common location of squamous ulcers?
Definition
Margo Plicatus
Term
What are the mgmt-related risk factors for squamous ulcers?
FEDS
Definition
Intermittent vs continuous feeding, hi grain diet, exercise, stress
Term
How should a horse be fed/managed to prevent gastric ulcers?
F^3 G
Definition
adjust training, review housing, reduce stress, small/freq meals, max forage, reduce grain, increase pasture turnout, avoid fasting
Term
What is "colic?"
Definition
Symptom of pain in the abdomen
Term
Why might gas colic develop?
Definition
Rate of gas production >> rate of removal
Term
How is gas producted rapidly?
Definition
Rapid fermentation
Term
What 2 dietary risks are associated with gas buildup?
And 4 risks of impaction colic
Definition
Diet high in NSC & changing diet too rapidly
Impaction-eating foreign material, intestinal stone, inadequate water, inadequate adaption
Term
What is impaction colic?
Definition
Blockage of intestine
Term
Where is impaction colic most common?
Definition
Flexures of large colon
Term
What is hindgut acidosis?
Definition
Decresed pH in hindgut
Term
What feeding guidelines should you give a horse to prevent hindgut acidosis? (4)
F^3 G
Definition
small/freq meals, increase forage, avoid fasting, decrease grain
Term
What causes the hindgut to become acidic?
Definition
Rapid fermentation generates lactic acid. If lactic acid utilizing microbes can't keep up with lactic acid producing microbes, pH drops.
Term
What happens when pH drops in hindgut?
Definition
Becomes acidic?
Term
What is the nutrient requirement according to the NRC?
Definition
minimum, sufficient for at least 50%
Term
What is the dietary reference intake?
Definition
recommended, sufficient for 98%
Term
What factors influence nutrient requirements?
P GAMBLE
Definition
pregnancy, growth rate, age, milk production, body weight, level of activity, environment
Term
kg -> lb
Definition
times 2.2
Term
lb -> kg
Definition
divide by 2.2
Term
DM -> as-fed
Definition
lbs times 100/% DM
Term
as-fed -> DM
Definition
lbs times % DM/100
Term
kg -> g
Definition
times 1000
Term
g -> kg
Definition
divided by 1000
Term
g -> mg
Definition
times 1000
Term
ppm -> mg
Definition
same thing!
Term
calculate %
Definition
intake/bw = %/100
Supporting users have an ad free experience!