Term
| What are the four basic tissue types? |
|
Definition
Epitelial (covering)
Connective (support)
Muscle (movement)
Nervous (control) |
|
|
Term
| What does Epitelial tissue do? Functions? |
|
Definition
Covers a body surface or lines a cavity
-protects, absorbtion/secretion/ion transport, filtration, forms a slipery surface |
|
|
Term
| special characteristics of epithlia? |
|
Definition
specialized contacts (cell jncts)
polarity (apical and basal surfaces)
Apical modifications (microvilli/increase surface area and cilia for movement)
Bassal lamina (basement membrane)
Supported by connective tissue
Avascular but innervated
Regeneration |
|
|
Term
| What is the Basal Feature of the epithlia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basal lamina? |
|
Definition
| Non-cellular supporting sheet between the epithelium and the connective tissue deep to it. Consisting of proteins secreted by the epithelial cells. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the basal lamina? |
|
Definition
1. acts as a selective filter, determining which molecules romcapillaries enter the epithelium
2. Acts as scaffolding along which regenerating epithelial cells can migrate. |
|
|
Term
| What forms the basement membrane? |
|
Definition
| Basal lamina and reticular fibers of the underlying connective tissue deep to it form the basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
| When classifying the epithelia what does the first name of tissue indicate? |
|
Definition
the number of cell layers
-simple = one layer of cells
-stratified= more than one layer |
|
|
Term
| When classifying the epithelia what does the last name of tissue indicate? |
|
Definition
describes the shape of cells
squamous- cells wider than tall (plate-like)
Cuboidal- cells are equally wide and tall (cubes)
Columnar- cells are taller than they are wide (column) |
|
|
Term
| describe Simple squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
| single layer of flat cells with disc shaped nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Special types of Simple squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
Endothelium (inner covering) inner lining of blood vessels
Mesothelium (middle) lines peritoneal pleural and pericardial cavities. Covers visceral organs of those cavities |
|
|
Term
| Function of Simple squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
passage of materials by passive diffusion and filtration.
secretes lubricating substances in serosae |
|
|
Term
| Where is Simple squamous epithelium located? |
|
Definition
renal corpusc;es
alveoli of lungs
lining of heart blood and lymphatic vessels
lining of ventral body cavity (serosae) |
|
|
Term
Describe simple cuboidal epithelium:
Functions?
Location? |
|
Definition
single layer of cube like cells with large sperical central nuclei
-secretion and absorption (function)
-located in kidney tubules, secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface |
|
|
Term
| Describe simple columnar epithelium? |
|
Definition
| single layer of column shaped cells with oval nuclei. Some bear cilia at apical surface. May contain goblet cells (secrete mucous) |
|
|
Term
| Function of simple columnar epithelium? |
|
Definition
absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances
ciliated type propels mucus or reproductive cells in reproductive tract by ciliary action |
|
|
Term
| Location of the simple columnar epithelium? |
|
Definition
non ciliated form lines digestive tract, gallbladder, and ducts of some glands
Ciliated form lines small brochi, uterine tubes, and uterus |
|
|
Term
| Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
All cells originate at basement membrane
Only tall cells reach the apical surface
may contain goblet cells and have cilia
nuclei lie at varying heights w/in cells (giving false impression of stratification |
|
|
Term
| pseudostratified columnar epithelium location: |
|
Definition
non-ciliated: ducts of male reproductive tubes, and ducts of large glands
ciliated: lines trachea and most of upper respiratory tract. |
|
|
Term
stratified epithelia:
contain-
regenerate from-
major role-
named according to- |
|
Definition
contain 2 or more layers of cells
regenerate from basal cells and move upwards
major role is protection
named by the shape of cells at apical layer |
|
|
Term
| describe stratifed squamous epithelium? |
|
Definition
many layers of cells -squamous shape
deeper layer of cells appear cuboidal or columnar
thickest epithelial tissue is adapted for protection |
|
|
Term
| Specific types of stratified squamous epithelium: |
|
Definition
| keratinized and non keratinized |
|
|
Term
| keratinized stratified squamous epithelium contain: |
|
Definition
protective protein keratin. surfaces cells are dead and full of keratin protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
forms the epidermis (skin) |
|
|
Term
| Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium forms: |
|
Definition
| moist lining of body openings: esophagus mouth and vagina |
|
|
Term
describe stratified cuboidal epithelium:
function:
location: |
|
Definition
two layers of cube shaped cells
protection
forms largest ducts of sweat glands and ducts of mammary&salivary glands |
|
|
Term
describe stratified columnar epithelium:
function:
location: |
|
Definition
several layers, basal cells usually cuboidal; superficial cells elongated
protection and secretion
rare tissue type, found in male urethra and large ducts of some glands |
|
|
Term
describe transitional epithelium:
function:
location: |
|
Definition
basal cells usually cuboidal or columnar, superficial cells are dome shaped
stretches and permits distension of urinary bladder
lines uterus,urinary bladder, and first part of urethra |
|
|
Term
Exocrine glands are dervived from:
Ducts carry: |
|
Definition
epithelium.
products of exocrine glands to epithelial surface |
|
|
Term
| four types of exocrine glands: |
|
Definition
mucus-secreting
sweat and oil
salivary
liver and pancreas |
|
|
Term
| What are unicellular exocrine glands? |
|
Definition
| goblet cells; produce mucin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects and lubricated many internal body surfaces |
|
|
Term
| What are the basic parts of multicellular exocrine glands? |
|
Definition
duct-transport of gland product
secretory unit - synthesis of prodct |
|
|
Term
| how are multicellular exocrine glands classified? |
|
Definition
by structure of duct:
simple- single duct, duct does not branch
compound- branching |
|
|
Term
| how are multicellular exocrine glands categorized? |
|
Definition
by secretory unit:
tubular-elongated
alveolar (acinar)- rounded
tubuloalveloar (tubulacinar) w/both elongated and rounded units |
|
|
Term
| What are endocrine glands? |
|
Definition
ductless
secrete substances directly into bloodstream
produce molecules called hromones |
|
|
Term
| What lateral surface features? |
|
Definition
cell junctions- factors holding epithelial cells together
-adhesion proteins link plasma membranes of adjacent cells. special cell junctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions |
|
|
Term
| What are tight junctions (zona occludens) |
|
Definition
| close off intercellular space, interlocking proteins in membranes of two cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two disc like plaques connected across intercellular space by protein chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
passageway between two adjacent cells; forms pores
-let small molecules move directly between neighboring cells |
|
|
Term
| what are apical surface features? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
finger like extensions of plasma membrane
-abundant in epithelia of small intestine and kidney
-maximize surface area across which small molecules enter or leave
-act as stiff knobs that resist abrasion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
whip like, highly motile extensions of apical surface membranes
-contains and core of 9 pairs of microtubules encricling one middle pair-arranged in a doublt
-dynein (protein) arms- interconnect between doubtles; molecular motor
-microtubules in cilia- arranged similarly to cytoplasmic centrioles
-movement is in cordinated waves |
|
|
