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ENT: Dysphonia and Epistaxis
ENT: dysphonia and epistaxis
10
Anatomy
Graduate
10/23/2011

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Cards

Term
Reactive nodules:
Definition
- Vocal cord polyps
- Singer's nodules- few mm, on true cords
Term
A larynx tumor may be a __ __, which is a benign neoplasm on the __ cords. They are __, __, __ __ projections supported by a __ core. They are caused by __ __ and__.
Definition
- squamous papilloma
- benign
- true vocal cords
- multiple, slender, finger like projections
- fibrovascular core
- HPV 6 and 11
Term
Epistaxis treatment:
Definition
- cautery
- chemical: AgNo3 stick
- heat: exothermic packing, electrocautery, laser
- packing: anterior, posterior, both
Term
If nose pinching does not stop the bleeding,

apply a topical ____. Choices

include ___, ____,

____, ___, ___, or ___

0.05% (Afrin).
Definition
- vasoconstrictor
- cocaine
- ephedrine
- aqueous epinephrine
- phenylephrine
- Neo-Synephrine
- Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
Term
number one cause of nose bleeds:
Definition
nose picking
Term
The __ aspect of the nose is the most common site of nose bleeds, which is termed __ __. Causes are minor manual trauma, dry mucosa, nasal trauma, or an aquired or genetic coagulopathy.
Definition
- anterior
- Kiesselbach's plexus
Term
A posterior nose bleed is __ _ and __ __, requiring emergency evaluation and treatment. It is usually ___. The bleeding may compromise the __ and a __ _ must be placed. The patient is at risk for __ __ __ secondary to retaining pack. Refer to ENT>
Definition
- less common and more significant
- arterial
- posterior pack
- Toxic Shock Syndrome
Term
Treatment Begin with the patient sitting or standing upright and apply firm pressure to the nares for 10-15 minutes,
Then identify the bleeding site.
Visualization is aided by using a light source and a nasal speculum.
If a bleeding site can be identified, cautery with a silver nitrate stick is preferred.
Five percent cocaine spray may be used.
Recauterize with packing if necessary.
The packing is left in place for 24 hours. The patient should be told to return if bleeding begins.
The patient should be told to return if bleeding resumes.
Definition
Term
What do you do?
Calm the patient.
Maintain the airway.
Identify the site.
Treatment;
Definition
Term
People die from nose bleeds;
Blood Loss?
Older patients (usually but not exclusively);
HYPOXIA, HYPERCARBIA
Bilateral packing
Posterior packing
THEREFORE HOSPITALIZE
Rebleed
Septal hematoma
Septal perforation
Toxic shock syndrome
Definition
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