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| An intellectual movement in the 18th century that challenged ideas about church and government; believers had faith in the human mind to grasp the secrets of the universe. Rational, scientific investigations & experiments. |
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| leader in American philosophy, traveled back and forth between Europe and America exchanging ideas ((FATHER)) |
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| wrote the Declaration of Independence based on Enlightenment thought |
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| wrote "Common Sense" which was about Enlightenment ideas, challenged aspects of British rule such as their laws on trading- explained how it would be more beneficial to trade with other countries besides Britain |
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| believed people are driven by selfishness and greed, wanted a powerful government, wrote LEVIATHAN |
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| believed that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, wanted limited monarchy, believed that the government should protect these natural rights,wrote ““Two Treatises on Government” |
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| Wanted 3 branch governments and checks and balances |
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| believed in freedom of thought and speech |
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| wrote "The Encyclopedia"- articles by him and others about Enlightenment thinking |
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| believed people are ultimately good and are corrupted by society “general will should be subordinate to the community" |
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| in favor of Laissez Faire |
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| Three Causes of the Enlightenment |
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| Scientific Revolution, Exploration, Decline of Church |
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-during this revolution, thinkers replaced flawed “scientific” knowledge by using the scientific method
-they were the first to use inductive and deductive reasoning
-The Scientific Revolution influenced Enlightenment thinkers because they felt that humans were able to figure out everything. |
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| -Explorers came back with stories of other cultures, which introduced Europeans to new ideas and inspired them to change |
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| -Explorers came back with stories of other cultures, which introduced Europeans to new ideas and inspired them to change |
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| -When the Protestants split off from the Catholics, religion in everyday life lessened, allowing the people to pursue other things |
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| 3 Main Ideas of Enlightenment |
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Individualism
-the importance of the individual and his inborn rights
Relativism
-different cultures, beliefs, ideas, and value systems have equal merit
Rationalism
-the power of humans could arrive at the truth and improve the world |
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| Laws that govern human nature |
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| things people are born with the right to- life, liberty, property |
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| french thinkers who worked to improve society |
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| thinkers who focused on economic reform |
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| allowing businesses to run with little or no government interference |
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| natural forces of supply and demand regulate business |
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| first 10 amendments to the Constitutions, recognized the idea that people had basic rights that the government had to protect |
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| Ideas from the Enlightenment in the Declaration of Independence |
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-Citizens had the right to alter unjust governments
-Citizens could revolt against unjust governments
-Natural rights
-The Declaration of Independence borrows Enlightenment ideas from Locke and Rousseau |
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| Ideas from the Enlightenment in the American Constitution |
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-The federal government would be divided into 3 branches
-an elected president would rule rather than a monarch
- The Constitution applies Locke and Montesquieu’s ideas about separation of powers |
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