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Enlightenment Music
The development of the symphonic orchestra
13
History
Undergraduate 1
03/17/2014

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Who was Antonio Stradivari?
Definition
The man that (so to speak) perfected the violin.
Term
Who was Bartolomeo Cristofori?
Definition

The man that invented the piano.

 

Could be played soft and loud, the harpisochord could not.

Term
What led to the Symphonic Orchestra?
Definition
The refinement and invention of new instruments. Allowed for a more extensive variety of musical sounds.
Term
What does sinfonia mean?
Definition
The three-movement Overture that introduced the Italian Opera.
Term
Who was Johann Stamitz?
Definition
Established the first symphonic orchestra in Mannheim Germany around 1740.
Term
What are the 5 types of instruments in a Symphonic Orchestra?
Definition

The Strings: 1st and 2nd violins, violas, cellos, basses.
The Woodwinds: flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons.
The Bass: trumpets, French horn, trombone, tuba.
Keyboards: organ, harpsichord, clavichord, piano.
Percussion: kettledrums, timpani.

 

Term
What is a musical score? Who created it?
Definition

A written outline that indicated what music was to be played by each instrument and how it was to be played.

 

Johann Stamitz

Term
Describe the four-movement structure.
Definition

First: Allegro (Fast) -- Festive

Second: Adagio (Slow) -- Reflective

Third: Allegretto (Moderately Fast) -- Uplifting

Fourth: Allegro/Presto (Fast/Very Fast) -- Celebratory

Term
What are the three parts of The Sonata Form?
Definition

Exposition: creates tension

Development: complicates tension

Recapitulation: resolves tension

Term
Who is Joseph Haydn?
Definition

Performed for wealthy family for 30 years. 

 

Created genre known as Chamber Music.

 

Composed 70 String Quartets and 104 Symphonies

Term
What is Chamber Music?
Definition
A musical genre that featured an ansemble of four musicians playing four stringed instruments.
Term
What was The String Quartet?
Definition
Two violins, one viola, one cello.
Term
Who was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?
Definition

The First Musical Prodigy

 

Started composing at age 6. Symphony by age 8.

 

Worked with Haydn in public.

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