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Endocrine Terms
Glossary
21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
08/25/2008

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Term
Adrenal glands
Definition
Paired endocrine glands located superior to the kidneys; each consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla. Cortex secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Medulla secretes catecholamines.
Term
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Definition
Anterior pituitary hormone that influences the activity of the adrenal cortex.
Term
Aldosterone
Definition
Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion by the kidney
Term
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Definition
Peptide hormone from atria of the heart that regulates sodium and water excretion.
Term
Androgen
Definition
A hormone with testosterone-like actions.
Term
Adrenal cortex
Definition
Outer portion of adrenal gland that produces steroid hormones.
Term
Adrenal medulla
Definition
Modified sympathetic ganglion; the inner portion of the adrenal gland that produces catecholamines.
Term
Calcitriol
Definition
The active form of Vitamin D which promotes absorption of dietary calcium in the small intestine.
Term
Cortisol
Definition
Glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.
Term
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Definition
Hypothalamic hormone that regulates secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary.
Term
Dopamine (DA)
Definition
Hypothalamic hormone that regulates secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary. Also functions as neurotransmitter.
Term
Epinephrine
Definition
Chief hormone produced by the adrenal medulla; also called adrenalin.
Term
Erythropoietin
Definition
Hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells.
Term
Estrogen
Definition
Female sex hormone produced by the ovary; during puberty promotes development of secondary sex characteristics, and is necessary for production of the ovum.
Term
Glucagon
Definition
Hormone formed by alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas; raises the glucose level of blood.
Term
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Definition
Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from the anterior pituitary.
Term
Insulin
Definition
Peptide hormone from the pancreas that promotes transport of glucose and fuel storage, thus lowering blood glucose.
Term
Progesterone
Definition
Steroid hormone secreted by the ovary and placenta. Regulates ovarian function, uterine lining, breast development, and is required for pregnancy.
Term
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Definition
Hormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates blood calcium level.
Term
Testosterone
Definition
Male sex hormone produced by the testes; during puberty promotes development of the secondary sex characteristics, and is necessary for normal sperm production.
Term
Somatostatin (SST)
Definition
Hypothalamic hormone that inhibits secretion of growth hormone.
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