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Endocrine System Exam #4
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17
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/25/2016

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Term
homeostasis
Definition
the dynamic state of equilibrium or balance of the internal environment of the body; static state- ex. body temp- 98.6 degrees F; a little higher or a little lower is okay; not a static state has a dynamic equilibrium to it; however too far away would be a disease or disorder-too much away results in death; important for regulating blood sugar
Term
homeostasis
Definition
what is the main function of the endocrine system?
Term
1. nervous system
2. endocrine system
Definition
communication within the body is essential for homeostasis and is accomplished by what two systems?
Term
nervous system
Definition
nuerons communicate by sending nerve impulses along axons; at the end of axons (axon terminals), neurotransmitters (mediator molecules) are released
Term
endocrine system
Definition
hormones (mediator molecules) are produced by endocrine glands, secreted into surround tissue fluid, and then transported to target cells (those that have the receptors for those hormones) primarily via the blood stream
Term
exocrine
Definition
secrete onto a surface; either directly or through a duct
Term
endocrine
Definition
secrete internally to tissue fluid; ductless glands; utilize cardiovascular system for distribution
Term
thyroid gland
Definition
an endocrine gland--produces thyroxin; found in neck on either side of the trachea
Term
thyroxin (secreted by the thyroid gland)
Definition
this hormone increases protein synthesis and breakdown of fats and increases use of glucose which breaks down to ATP; accelerate body growth, produce additional body heat; INCREASES BODY METABOLISM
Term
1. pituitary gland
2. thyroid gland
3. parathyroid gland
4. adrenal gland
5. pineal gland
Definition
what are 5 exclusive endocrine glands?
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
"master gland" for endocrine system; can synthesize and secrete 7 different hormones; along with the hypothalamus, it regulates all aspects of growth, homeostasis, development, metabolism; its hormones have a lot of influence on the body's glands like the thyroid
Term
parathyroid gland
Definition
found on the posterior surface of thyroid
Term
adrenal glands
Definition
aka suprarenal glands; found superior to kidneys
Term
pineal gland
Definition
this endocrine gland is part of the epithalamus
Term
1. hypothalamus
2. thymus
3. pancreas
4. ovaries
5. testes
6. kidneys
7. stomach
8. liver
9. small intestine
10. skin
11. heart
12. adipose tissue
13. placenta
Definition
what are 13 organs that are not exclusively an endocrine gland but has tissues that secrete hormones?
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
command center for the endocrine system; part of diencephalon; major link between nervous system and endocrine system; vital for maintaining homeostasis; important regulatory center for nervous system and crucial for endocrine which can produce 9 different hormones; connected to pituitary gland through the infundibulum; many of the hormones secreted here will influence the pituitary gland
Term
example of homeostasis in endocrine system
Definition
eat a bunch of donuts-pancreas secretes insulin-liver takes up some glucose and stores as glycogen and other cells take glucose; your working out-pancreas release glucagon-goes to liver where it is broken down and it releases glucose to the blood
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