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Endocrine System
Endocrine System
34
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/15/2010

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Term
There are two kinds of glands, the _____________ and ___________ glands.
Definition
exocrine and endocrine
Term
Exocrine glands secrete their products into _________.
Definition
ducts
Term
Endocrine glands secrete their products, _____________, into _________________.
Definition
hormones; blood vessels
Term
In the exocrine glands, the ducts carry the secretions into body cavities, into ________ or to the ___________________ e.g. sweat, sebaceous, mucous, and digestive glands.
Definition
lumens; external surface of the body
Term
Endocrine glands secrete _______________, chemical messengers, into the space around the secretory cells which then ______________ to be circulated throughout the body.
Definition
hormones; blood capillaries
Term
There are 8 major endocrine glands. Name them.
Definition
Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, ovaries/testes (gonadal), thymus, and the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
Term
Some of these glands belong to other systems, like the hypothalamus is part of the ___________ system, and ovaries and teste are part of the _________________ system
Definition
nervous; reproductive
Term
There are also other organs that have some endocrine funciton like _________, ________, __________, and _____________.
Definition
Pineal, liver, stomach, small intestine
Term
The hypothalamus produce _____________ or ______________ hormones which affects the _______________ of the pituitary and hormones stored in the _________________ of the pituitary.
Definition
releasing or regulating hormones; anterior lobe; posterior lobe
Term
Specific regulating hormones either ____________ or __________ the release of hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Definition
stimulate or inhibit
Term
Two hormones, ______________ and _____________ are each produced in a specific nucleus of the hypothalamus but stored in the ______________.
Definition
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT); posterior lobe
Term
Which hormone secreted by the anterior lobe increases the rate of growth until adulthood and maintains soft tissues?
Definition
growth hormone (GH)
Term
Which hormone stimulates
Definition
Term
Which hormone secreted by the anterior lobe stimulates synthesis and secretion of hormones produced by thyroid?
Definition
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the anterior lobe controls production and secretion of adrenal cortex hormones?
Definition
andrenocorticopic hormone (ACTH)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the anterior lobe is related to the growth of the ovum?
Definition
follicule stimulating hormone (FSH)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the anterior lobe is related to uterine development?
Definition
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the anterior lobe is related to the development of lactating tissue?
Definition
prolactin (PRL)
Term
Which hormones stored by the posterior lobe stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in pregnant uterus and contractile cells around ducts of mammary glands?
Definition
oxytocin (OT)
Term
Which hormone stored by the posterior lobe stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys?
Definition
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the thyroid gland controls metabolism, helps regulate growth and development and increases reactivity of nervous system?
Definition
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the thyroid gland decreases blood calcium level?
Definition
calcitonin (CT)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands increases blood calcium level and decrease blood phosphate level?
Definition
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Term
The adrenal glands have two parts. What are they?
Definition
the outer cortex and the inner medulla
Term
Which hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands increases blood calcium level and decrease blood phosphate level?
Definition
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Term
The adrenal glands have two parts. Name them.
Definition
the outer cortex and inner medulla
Term
The inner medulla of the adrenal glands secretes ______________ and _______________ which stimulate responses to stress, such as increased heart rate.
Definition
norepinephrine and epinephrine
Term
Which hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex causes kidney to reabsorb sodium and eliminate potassium?
Definition
aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
Term
Which hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex promotes metabolism, increase body glucose to resist stress, decrease blood vessel dilation and edema associated with inflammations?
Definition
cortisone (glucocorticoids)
Term
Which hormones secreted by the adrenal glands stimulate secondary sex characteristics in men and women?
Definition
estrogens and androgens
Term
The _______________ is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland, and contains the islets of Langerhans that secretes the hormones.
Definition
pancreas
Term
The islets of Langerhans in the pancreases secretes ____________ in order to increase blood glucose levels.
Definition
glucagon
Term
Which hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas decreases blood glucose levels?
Definition
Insulin
Term
Which hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas inhibits the secretion of GH, glucagon, and insulin?
Definition
somatostatin
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