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Endocrine System
Vocabulary G-P
20
Anatomy
11th Grade
01/12/2010

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Term
GONADOTROPIC HORMONE
Definition
Type of hormone that regulates the activity of the ovaries and testes; principally, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
Term
GROWTH FACTOR
Definition
Chemical signal that regulates mitosis and differentation of cells that have receptors for it; important in such processes as fetal development, tissue maintenance and repair, and hematopoiesis; sometimes a contributing factor in cancer.
Term
GROWTH HORMONE
Definition
Hormone released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that promotes the growth of the organism; also known as somatotropin.
Term
HORMONE
Definition
Substance secreted by an endocrine gland that is transmitted in the blood or body fluids.
Term
HYPOTHALAMIC-INHIBITING HORMONE
Definition
One of many hormones produced by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone.
Term
HYPOTHALAMIC-RELEASING HORMONE
Definition
One of many hormones produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone.
Term
HYPOTHALAMUS
Definition
Region of the brain; the floor of the third ventricle that helps maintain homeostasis.
Term
INSULIN
Definition
Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose storage in the liver and glucose uptake by cells.
Term
LEPTIN
Definition
Hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypothalamus to signal satiety.
Term
MELATONIN
Definition
Hormone, secreted by the pineal gland, that is involved in biorhythms.
Term
MINERALOCORTICOIDS
Definition
Hormones the adrenal cortex secretes that influence the concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids.
Term
NOREPINEPHRINE
Definition
Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla to help initiate the "fight-or-flight" reaction.
Term
OVARY
Definition
Female gonad; the organ that produces eggs, estrogen, and progesterone.
Term
OXYTOCIN
Definition
Hormone released by the posterior pituitary that causes contraction of uterus and milk letdown.
Term
PANCREAS
Definition
Endocrine organ located near the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum and produces hormones, notably insulin.
Term
PANCREATIC ISLETS (OF LANGERHANS)
Definition
Distinctive groups of cells within the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon.
Term
PARATHYROID GLAND
Definition
One of four small endocrine glands embedded in the posterior portion of the thyroid gland.
Term
PARATHYROID HORMONE
Definition
Hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that raises the blood calcium level primarily by stimulating reabsorption of bone.
Term
PEPTIDE HORMONE
Definition
Type of hormone that is a protein, a peptide, or derived from an amino acid.
Term
PINEAL GLAND
Definition
Small endocrine gland, located in the third ventricle of the brain, that secretes melatonin and is involved in biorhythms.
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