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Endocrine System
Vocabulary A-G
20
Anatomy
11th Grade
01/12/2010

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Term
ADRENAL CORTEX
Definition
Outer portion of the adrenal gland.
Term
ADRENAL GLAND
Definition
Endocrine gland located on the superior portion of the kidney.
Term
ADRENAL MEDULLA
Definition
Inner portion of the adrenal gland
Term
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
Definition
Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol.
Term
ALDOSTERONE
Definition
Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that functions in regulating sodium and potassium excretion by the kidneys.
Term
ANABOLIC STEROID
Definition
Synthetic steroid that mimics the effect of testosterone.
Term
ANDROGEN
Definition
Male sex hormone.
Term
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
Definition
Front lobe of the pituitary gland.
Term
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
Definition
Hormone released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that enhances water conservation by the kidneys; sometimes called vasopressin.
Term
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE
Definition
Substance secreted by the atria of the heart that accelerates sodium excretion so that blood volume decreases.
Term
CALCITONIN
Definition
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps regulate the level of blood calcium level.
Term
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Definition
Pattern of repeated behavior associated with the cycles of of night and day.
Term
CORTISOL
Definition
Glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Term
CYCLIC AMP
Definition
Derivative of ATP that responds to messages entering a cell and triggers the cell's response; also known as cAMP.
Term
ENDOCRINE GLAND
Definition
Gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream or body fluids.
Term
EPINEPHRINE
Definition
Hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that stimulates "fight-or-flight" reactions; also called adrenaline.
Term
ESTROGEN
Definition
Female sex hormone secreted by the ovaries that, along with progesterone, promotes the development and maintenance of the primary and secondary female sex characteristics.
Term
GLUCAGON
Definition
Hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets that causes the release of glucose from glycogen.
Term
GLUCOCORTICOID
Definition
Any one of a group of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that influences carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
Term
GONAD
Definition
Organ that produces sex cells; the ovary, which produces eggs, and and the testis, which produces sperm.
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