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Endocrine System
Test 3
10
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/22/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Compare the ES and NS as to pathways, type of response, time required and duration. Do they function together?
Definition
  • Nervous System

 -has specific pathways (neurons)

-uses electrical impulses APs

-gives specific responses

-reaction time is fast (Msec)

-effect is brief

-controls muscle cells, gland cells, other nerve cells

  • Endocrine system

-has general pathway-the blood

-uses chemical messengers

-these chemical messengers or hormones give general responses.

  • hormones reach most cells on our body
  • cells respond only if they have receptors for the hormone.

-reaction time is slow, usually minutes to hours

  • Epinephrine-few secs
  • Insulin-15-30 mins
  • Thyroxine-4-7 days

 

Term
Define: endo-, krinein-, endocrine-
Definition

within

 

to secrete

 

to secrete within

Term
List six things that hormones control
Definition

body metabolism

growth

development

reproduction

response to stress

homeostasis of body fluids, electrolytes, acid-base balance, glucose-energy balance

Term
What is homeostais?
Definition
regulates external and internal enviroment
Term
What is negative feedback? Give examples.
Definition

homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback. One factor increase, one factor decreases.

ex: body temperature

Term
What are five characteristics that are necessary for a substance to be classified as a hormone (H)?
Definition
  1. chemical substance
  2. secreted by living cells which are isolated in one part of body (glands)
  3. Diffuses or Transported to other parts of the body.
  4. Produces its effect
  5. The cells affected have receptors for the hormone.
Term
What is the relationship between hormones, neurotransmitters?
Definition
Both diffuse, but NT goes short distance and hormone goes all over body.
Term
What are the 4 types of chemical compounds that have been shown to have hormonal activity?
Definition

Steroids

-sex hormones

-adrenal cortex

Polypeptides

-hypothalamic.H

-pituitary. H

-pancreatic. H

Amines

-thyroxine

-epinephrine

-norepinephrine

Fatty acids

-prostaglandins

Term
The four biological traits (natures) of hormones are?
Definition
  1. hormones act in trace amounts. mg & ug/ml
  2. hormones are not a source of energy. That is, hormones are not metabolized to produce ATP.
  3. Hormones do not initiate new reactions.
  4. Hormones regulate existing chemical reactions.
Term
List three ways that a hormone may affect chemical reactions?
Definition
  1. regulates enzyme synthesis
  2. serving as co-enzymes
  3. affects membrane permeability
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