Term
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Definition
| are ductless organs that secrete their molecular products directly into the bloodstream |
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Term
| what is the target organ for the hormone prolactin |
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Definition
mammary gland
it has receptors to pick up and respond to the prolactin by producing milk to nourish an infant |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the structural components of the endocrine system, the hormones they produce, and the effects of those hormones on target organs |
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Term
| Hormone's are classified into three distinct groups |
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Definition
1) Peptide hormones
2) Biogenic amines
3) Steroid hormones |
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Term
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Definition
are formed from chains of amino acids.
Ex: Growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
are small molecules produced by altering the structure of a specific amino acid
Ex: thyroid hormone |
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Term
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Definition
are a type of lipid derived from cholesterol
Ex: testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
a stimulus starts a process, and eventually either the hormone that is secreted or a product of its effects causes the process to slow down or turn off
Ex: regulation of the blood glucose level in the body |
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Term
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Definition
accelerates the original process, either to ensure that the pathway continues to run or to speed up its activities
Ex: the process of milk release from the mammary glands |
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Term
| What controls most of the endocrine activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are chemicals secreted by neurons that diffuse across a small gap to the target cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| act on the same cell that secreted them |
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Term
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Definition
| are secreted by one cell and diffuse to adjacent cells |
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Term
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Definition
Integrates functions that maintain chemical and temperature homeostasis
Functions with the limbic system
Controls the release of hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
special cells in the hypothalamus that secrete hormones that influence the secretory activity of the anterior pituitarty gland.
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Term
| Hypothalamus is also the master control center of the |
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Definition
ANS
autonomic nervous system |
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Term
| The hypothalamus directly oversees the stimulation and hormone secretion of the |
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Definition
adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla is an endocrine structure that secretes its hormones in response to stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| Parathyroid glands release their hormones without any input from __________instead they respond directly to what |
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Definition
hypothalamus
concentrations of chemical levels in the bloodstream |
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Term
| Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system |
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Definition
| is essentially a shunt that takes venous blood carrying regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus directly to the anterior pituitary before the blood returns to the heart |
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Term
| How is the pituitary gland attached to the hypothalamus |
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Definition
| a stalk called the infundibulum |
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Term
Growth Hormone
(GH, Somatotropin) |
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Definition
| primary hormone responsible for regulating body growth, and is important in metabolism |
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Term
| Thyroid-stimulating Hormone |
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Definition
(TSH)
stimulates secretion of thyroid homone from thyroid gland |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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Definition
(ACTH)
stimulates cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex |
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Term
| Follicle-stimulating hormone |
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Definition
(FSH)
Females: stimulates growth & develoment of ovarian follicles, promotes secretion of estrogen by ovaries
Males: required for sperm production |
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Term
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Definition
(LH)
Females: responsible for ovulation, formation of corpus luteum in the ovary, and regulation of ovarian secretion of female sex hormones
Males: stimulates cells in the testes to secrete testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
Females: stimulates breast development and milk production
Males: involved in testicular function |
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Term
| How are ADH and oxytocin transported |
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Definition
| from the hypothalamus to the posteror pituitary via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract |
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Term
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Definition
are instrumental in producing thyroid hormone
follicular cells synthesize a glycoprotein called thryoglobulin (TGB) and secrete it by exocytosis into the colloid |
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Term
| Why is iodine added to our salt |
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Definition
| Iodine is part of a hormone, thyroxin, which is responsible for maintaining a person's metabolic rate. |
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Term
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Definition
secrete the hormone calcitonin in response to an elevated level of blood calcium
calcitonin acts to reduce the blood calcium level and encourage deposition of calcium into the bone |
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Term
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Definition
found in the parathyroid gland
source of parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Term
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Definition
found in the parathyroid glands
function of the oxyphil cell is not known |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesize steroid hormone called corticosteroids |
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Term
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Definition
results from the chronic exposure of the body's tissues to excessive levels of glucocorticoid hormones.
Ex: taking corticosteriods to help with Rheumatoid arthritisis |
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Term
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Definition
| is a form of adrenal insufficiency that develops when the adrenal glands fail resulting in a shortage of glucocorticoids and sometimes mineralocorticoids. |
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Term
| The zana glomerulosa regulates the levels of |
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Definition
| sodium and potassium ions in the blood, so it regulates salt |
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Term
| zona fasciculata secretes |
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Definition
| glucocorticoids, which keep blood glucose level up, so it regulates sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| small amounts of androgens, so it regulates sex (hormones) |
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Term
| The adrenal cortex regulates |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete |
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Definition
epinephrine
norepinephrine
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Term
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Definition
is a metabolic condition marked by inadequate uptake of glucose from the blood
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Term
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Definition
is charaterized by absent or diminished productin and release of insulin by the pancreatic islet cells
children and young adults
genetic
daily injections |
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Term
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Definition
results from either decreased insulin release by the pancreatic beta cells or decreased insulin effectiveness at peripheral tissues.
Obesity
can be treated by weight loss, diet, exercise |
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Term
| Hormones secreted by endocrine cells in the kidney help regulate |
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Definition
electrolyte concentraiton in body fluids
the rate of blood cell production
and an increase in both blood volume and blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
a form of vitamin D
synthesized by the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
released in the kidneys
stimulates erythrocyte production and maturation |
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Term
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Definition
secreted by the heart
Atriopeptin reduces blood volumn by causing water loss and sodium excretion from the blood into the urine
With less blood volume, blood pressure drops |
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