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Endocrine system
Hormones
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2008

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Cards

Term
Growth Hormone (GH)
Definition

• Anterior Pituitary

• Stimulates increase in size and rate of body cells

• Stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone

• Promotes growth of long bone

• Also called somatotropin

Term
Prolactin (PRL)
Definition

• Anterior Pituitary

• Stimulates and sustains milk production

• Inhibited by prolactin-release inhibiting hormone

Term
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Definition

• Anterior Pituitary

• Controls secretions of hormones
from the thyroid gland

• Controlled by thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Term
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Definition

• Anterior Pituitary

• Controls secretions of
adrenal cortex hormones (some)

• Controlled by corticotropin-releasing hormone

Term
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Definition

• Anterior Pituitary
• Stimulates development of
egg-containing follicles in ovaries

• Stimulates follicular cells to secrete estrogen

• Stimulates production of sperm cells

• Controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Term
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Definition

• Anterior Pituatary

• Promotes secretions of sex hormones

• Stimulates release of egg from ovary

• Controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Term
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Definition

• Anterior Pituatary

• Stimulates rate of melanin synthesis
by melanocytes in integument

• Stimulates distribution of melanocytes in skin

Term
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Definition

• Posterior Pituitary (stored)

• Causes kidneys to reduce water excretion

• In high concentration, raises blood pressure

• Controlled by hypothalamus in response to blood water concentration and blood volume

• Also called vasopressin

Term
Oxytocin (OT)
Definition

• Posterior Pituitary (stored)

• Stimulates uterine contractions

• Stimulates mammary glands to release milk

• Controlled by hypothalamus in response to stretch in uterine and vaginal walls and stimulation of breasts

Term

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

or Thyroid Hormones

Definition

• Thyroid gland

• Increases rate of energy release
from carbohydrates

• Increases rate of protein synthesis

• Accelerates growth

• Stimulates activity in the nervous system

• Controlled by TSH

Term
Calcitonin (CT)
Definition

• Thyroid gland

• Lowers blood Ca++ and Pi concentrations
by inhibiting their release from bones

• Increases rate at which
calcium and phospate are deposited in bones

• Produced by parafollicular cells

Term
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Definition

• Parathyroid glands

• Increases blood calcium levels

• Decreases blood phosphate levels

• Stimulates bone resorption by osteoclasts

• Inhibits osteoblasts

• Stimulates kidneys to retain
calcium and excrete phosphate

• Promotes calcium absorption into intestine

Term
Aldosterone
Definition

• Adrenal cortex

• Increases blood volume and pressure by
promoting conservation of Na+ and water

• Principle mineralocorticoid

Term
Cortisol
Definition

• Adrenal cortex

• Decreases protein synthesis

• Increases fatty acid release

• Stimulates glucose synthesis
from noncarbohydrates

• Glucocorticoid

Term
Gonadocorticoids
Definition

• Adrenal cortex

• Sex hormones (androgens)

Term
Epinephrine (E)
Definition

• Adrenal medulla

• Sympathetic division of ANS

• Prepares body for emergency
or "fight-or-flight" situation

• Also called adrenaline

Term
Norepinephrine (NE)
Definition

• Adrenal medulla

• Sympathetic division of ANS

• Prepares body for emergency
or "fight-or-flight" situation

• Also called noraadrenaline

Term
Melatonin
Definition

• Pineal gland

• Regulates circadian rhythms

• May control onset of puberty

• Cyclic production

• Helps regulate female reproductive cycle

Term
Thymosins
Definition

• Thymus

• Promotes development of certain lymphocytes

Term
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Definition

• Kidneys

• Stimulates erythrocyte production and maturation

Term
Glucagon
Definition

• Pancreas

• Secreted by alpha cells of pancreatic islets

• Stimulates liver to breakdown glycogen

• Stimulates liver to convert
noncarbohydrates into glucose

• Stimulates breakdown of fats

• Controlled by blood glucose levels

Term
Insulin
Definition
• Pancreas
• Secreted by beta cells of pancreatic islets
• Promotes formation of glycogen from glucose
• Inhibits conversion of noncarbohydrates into glucose
• Enhances synthesis of proteins and fats
• decrease blood glucose concentrations
• Promotes transport of amino acids
• Enhances sythesis of proteins and fats
• Controlled by blood glucose concentrations
Term
Estrogen
Definition

• Ovaries, placenta

• Promote the development of female
secondary sex characteristcs

• Regulates functions important
to maturation of sperm in males

Term
Progesterone
Definition

• Ovaries, placenta

• Stimulate growth of lining in uterus

• Helps breast make milk

Term
Testosterone
Definition

• Testes, adrenal glands

• Principle male sex hormone

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