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Endocrine System
Endocrine System
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/21/2008

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Term
Pituitary Gland (.5 inches in diameter)
Definition
Master Gland
Anterior Portion (75% mass)- Synthesizes/stores/secretes
Posterior Portion (25% mass)- Stores and secrestes. Gets nerve impulses from hypothalamus
Term
Five Anterior Pituitary Gland Cells
Definition
Lactotrophs, Somatotrophs, Thyrotrophs, Gonadotrophs, Corticotrops
Term
Gonadotroph
Definition
LH - Lutenizing Hormone
FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Term
Somatotroph
Definition
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)
Term
Corticotrophs
Definition
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
MSH - Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (skin pigmentation)
Term
Thyrotrophs
Definition
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Term
Lactotrophs
Definition
PRL - Prolactin (milk production)
Term
Two Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones
Definition
Oxytocin (uterus/breasts)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - regulates water in body
Term
Thyroid Gland
Definition
T3 or Triodothyronine
T4 or thyroxine

Both regulate oxygen/metabolism/growth
Term
Parathyroid Gland
Definition
Two for each lateral lobe of thyroid...
Make Parathyroid Hormone which regulates CA and MG in blood. Also regulates number/activity of osteoclasts
Term
Adrenal Gland
Definition
Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla
Term
Adrenal Cortex
Definition
Outer (zona glomerulosa)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Middle (zone fasciculata)
Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone)
Inner (zona reticularis)
Gonadotropic hormones (mainly androgens)
Term
Androgenic Agents
Definition
Andros and Testosterone
Term
Pancreas
Definition
Head, Body, Tail (near spleen)
Produce insulin and glucagon in the Islets of Langerhans
Term
Alpha Cells
Definition
Produce Glucagon (20% of Islets of Langerhans)
Term
Beta Cells
Definition
Produce Insulin (70% of Islets of Langerhans)
Term
Pineal Gland
Definition
On roof of brain, covered by pia mater, secretes melatonin which sets biological clock and sleepiness.
Term
Testes
Definition
Testosterone
Term
Ovaries
Definition
Relaxin: loosens muscles/tendons during child birth
Estrogen and Progesterone
Term
Thymus
Definition
Production of Immune Cells
Term
Kidneys
Definition
Erythropoeitin (EPO) regulates Red blood cell volume in blood... can be used in endurance sports as a doping agent.
Term
Acromegaly
Definition
Hyper-secreation of hGH during adulthood Thickening of bones
Term
Cretinism
Definition
Hypo-secretion of thyroid hormones during fetal life or infancy. Skeleton & brain fails to grow
Term
Grave’s disease
Definition
Hyper-secretion of thyroid hormones  continual growth of thyroid gland
More common in females, usually before age of 40
Exopthalamos: edema behind eyes  eye protrusion
Goiter: enlarged thyroid gland
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