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ENDOCRINE PRE-TEST PART 2
SECOND HALF OF QUESTIONS FOR TEST ENDOCRINE
47
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/28/2010

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Term
IN ORDER FOR CELLS TO RESPOND, IT IS NECESSARY FOR FIRST AND SECOND MESSANGERS TO COMMUNICATE, HOW IS THIS POSSIBLE?
Definition
G PROTEIN ACTS AS A LINK BETWEEN FIRST AND SECOND MESSANGER
Term
THYROID HORMONE, ENTERS TARGET CELLS SIMILAR TO ?
Definition
STEROID HORMONES, BOTH DIFFUSE EASILY INTO TARGET CELLS
Term
WHEN IT BEDCOES NECESSARY TO BEGIN FLIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE, A HORMONE USED DURING THE ALARM STAGE
Definition
EPINEPHRINE
Term
WHAT MECHANISM IS THE LEAST COMPLICATED OF THE ENDOCRINE CONTROL SYSTEM THAT DIRECTLY RESPONDS TO CHANGE IN BL LEVELS?
Definition
HUMORAL STIMULATION
Term
THE MAJOR TARGETS OF GH ARE?
Definition
BONES AND SKELETAL MUSCLES
Term
THE PARATHYROID GLANDS MAINTAIN ADEQUATE LEVELS OF BL CA. HOW IS THIS ACCOMPLISHED?
Definition
TARGETING THE BONE AND ACTIVATIONG OSTEOCLASTS SO THAT CA IS RELEASED
Term
WHICH ORGAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SYNTHESIZING ANP?
Definition
THE HEART
Term
MINERALOCORTICOID IS TO ALDOSTERONE AS GLUCOCORTICOID IS TO
Definition
CORTISOL
Term
LEPTIN IS SECRETED BY
Definition
ADIPOCYTES
Term
MOST IMPORTANT REGULATOR OF ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATIONS IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS IS
Definition
ALDOSTERONE
Term
ESTROGEN, ALDOSTERONE, CORTISONE ARE ALL _____ HORMONES
Definition
STEROID HORMONES
Term
WHAT 'COMPLEX' IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACTION OF STEROIDS ON CELLS
Definition
HORMONE-RECEPTOR COMPLEX THAT INTERACTS DIRECTLY WITH THE CELLS DNA
Term
CELLULAR RESPONSES TO HORMONES THAT INITIATE SECOND-MESSANGER SYSTEMS INCLUDE POSSIBLE ACTIVATION OF?
Definition
SEVERAL DIFFERENT SECOND-MESSENGER SYSTEMS
Term
REGULATING HORMONES FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS? FIRST ENTER?
Definition
FIRST ENTER INTO THE HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM
Term
ACTH SECRETION IS REGULATED BY A ____
Definition
HYPOTHALAMIC SECRETION
Term
WHAT IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT REGULATOR IN CA LEVELS IN THE CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS
Definition
PARATHYROID HORMONE
Term
ALDOSTERONE FUNCTIONS TO ?_______
Definition
INCREASE SODIUM REABSORPTION
Term
THE ONLY AMINE HORMONE TO ACT LIKE A STEROID IS?
Definition
TH
Term
WHICH ORGAN DOES NOT HAVE HORMONE PRODUCTION
Definition
LIVER
Term
WHEN THE DNA OF A TARGET CELL SPECIFY THE SYNTHESIS OF MORE RECEPTORS ON THE SURFACE THIS IS CALLED?
Definition
UP REGULATION
Term
EICOSANOIDS INCLUDE?
Definition
PARACRINES, LEUKOTRIENES, PROSTAGLANDINS
Term
WHAT DOES FSH STIMULATE IN MEN AND WHERE
Definition
TESTES, AND STIMULATES SPERM PRODUCTION INSUFFICIENT LEVELS CAUSE INFERTILITY
Term
WHAT ORGAN IS AFFEDCTD BY THYROID HORMONE IN ADULTS
Definition
LIVER
Term
THYROXINE'S MECHANISM IS DIFFERENT THAN OTHER PEPTIDE HORMONES, WHY?
Definition
IT DOES NOT REQUIRE A SECOND MESSENGER
Term
HOW DO GLUCOCORTICOIDS ENABLE THE BODY TO DEAL WITH STRESS
Definition
INCREASING BL GLUCOSE, FA AND AMINO ACID LEVELS , AND ENHANCING THE BP
Term
WHAT ION IS SOMETIMES USED AS A SECOND MESSENGER OF AMMINO ACID BASED
Definition
CALCIUM
Term
_____ are hormones synthesized from cholesterol
Definition
steroids
Term
____ are the result of hypersecretion of growth hormone
Definition
acromegaly and gigantism
Term
the largest pure endocrine gland in the body is the
Definition
thyroid
Term
which hormone stimulates production of RBC and which organ produces it
Definition
erythropoietin, kidney
Term
alpha islet cells produce _____ an extremely poten hyperglycemic hormone
Definition
glucagon
Term
the ___ gland may influence our day/night cycles and onset of sexual maturity
Definition
pineal
Term
the ____ gland declines in size and function with age
Definition
thymus
Term
the ____ gland declines in size and function with age
Definition
thymus
Term
endocrine gland stimuli include, hormonal,___,___-
Definition
humoral and neural
Term
as a result of stress the adenohypophysis releases _____, which stimulates release of hormones from the _____ that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar and breaking down fats
Definition
ACTH and adrenal cortex
Term
why do we not continue to grow with age
Definition
GH DECLINES AND AND THE CLOSURE OF EPIPHYSEAL PLATES PROHIBIT FURTHER GROWTH OF THE LONG BONES
Term
A WOMAN WITH EXCESSIVE HAIR AND ENLARGED CLITORIS SHOWS SIGNS OF WHAT HORMONAL DYSFUNCTION?
Definition
HYPERSECRETION OF GONADOCORTICOIDS
Term
WHY MUST A PERSON WHO DRINKS A LOT OF ALCOHOL URINATE FREQUENTLY?
Definition
ALCOHOL INHIBITS ADH SECRETIION
Term
WHY IS THE HEART CONSIDERED AN ENDOCRINE GLAND?
Definition
IT SECRETES ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP), WHICH REGULATES SALT OUTPUT BY THE KIDNEY. ANP INHIBITS ALDOSTERONE AND SIGNALS THE KIDNEY TO REMOVE MORE SALT.
Term
THE FIRST STEP IN HORMONE-RECEPTOR BINDING TO TARGET CELLS, INTERACTION DEPENDS ON ______ OF THE HORMONE, RELATIVE NUMBER OF ______ FOR THAT HORMONE ON OR IN THE TARGET CELLS AND THE STREGTH OF TH EUNION BETWEEN THE HORMONE AND RECEPTOR
Definition
BLOOD LEVELS, RECEPTORS
Term
WHY ARE GLUCAGON AND INSULIN DIFFERENT IN THE EFFECTS ON THE TARGET CELL-EVEN THOUGH THEY BOTH TARGET THE LIVER, AND BOTH MADE BY THE PANCREAS
Definition
GLUCAGON AND INSULIN USE DIFFERENT CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS
Term
WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO BASAL METABOLISM DECLINING?
Definition
THYROID FOLLICLES FILL WITH COLLOID AND GLAND FIBROSIS OCCURS-THIS RESULTS IN HORMONE SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE DIMINISHING
Term
LIST THE 4 MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION?
Definition
1. RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN MECHANISM, 2 PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IONS 3. CONTROL EXERTED BY acth AND 4 PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF ANP
Term
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AUTOCRINES AND PARACRINES?
Definition
AUTOCRINES ARE SELF-REGULATING CHEMICAL MESSENGERS, THEY TARGET THE SAME CELL OF WHICH THEY ARE MANUFACTURED-PARACRINES ARE CHEM MESSENGERS THAT ACT LOCALLY-ONLY THE CELLS IMMEDIATELY AROUND THEM
Term
AN EXAMPLE OF SYNERGISM IN HORMONES?Q
Definition
LIVER WILL RELEASE GLUCOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF GLUCAGON OR EPI
Term
GROWTH HORMONES ACT INDIRECTLY TO MAKE THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE CARTILAGE GROW,WHAT MAKES IT DIRECTLY GROW?
Definition
GH STIMULATES THE LIVER TO RELEASE A GROWTH FACTOR CALLED SOMATOMEDIN, WHICH CONTROLS THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
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