Term
| What are the hormones of the Adrenal Cortex? |
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Definition
| Collectively known as corticosteroids, they are: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones. |
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Term
| What produces mineralocortcoids and what do they do? |
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Definition
| The Adrenal cortex produces these, mainly aldosterone. It regulates the mineral or salt content of the blood and target the kidney tubules that absorb salt or lets it flush out of body. |
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Term
| What happens when aldosterone rises? |
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Definition
| The kidney tubules reclaim more sodium and expel more potassium, and more water follows. |
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Term
| What enzyme do the kidneys produce and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Renin, which encourages aldosterone production by triggering a series of events that form angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone release. |
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Term
| What enzyme do the kidneys produce and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Renin, which encourages aldosterone production by triggering a series of events that form angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone release. |
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Term
| What is atrial natriuretic peptide, what does it do, and what produces it? |
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Definition
| NAP is produced by the heart and prevents aldosterone release. |
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Term
| What are glucocorticoids, what do they include, and what produces them? |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids are cortisone and cortisol, which produce a healthy cell metabolism. High glucocorticoids indicate a high metabolism and break down fats and proteins to make sugars. They also inhibit pain-causing molecules called prostaglandins. |
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Term
| What does the Pancreas produce? |
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Definition
| Two important hormones are insulin and glucagon. |
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Term
| What does insulin effect? |
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Definition
| Insulin is released when glucose levels are high. It decreases blood levels of glucose. |
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Term
| What happens when insulin is not produced? |
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Definition
| Diabetes mellitus results, where the body cannot absorb the glucose and breaks down fats and protiens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucagon acts as an antagonist to insulin, releasing alpha cells when blood levels of glucose is too low. Alpha cells target the liver, which then releases stored glucose. |
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Term
| What does the Pineal gland secrete? |
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Definition
| Melatonin, which plays a role in the sleep cycle. It also regulates hormones of fertility and keeps reproductive system from growing until full body size is reached. |
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Term
| What gland produces sex hormones? |
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Definition
| The innermost layer of the cortex of the Adrenal gland produces sex hormones. |
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Term
| What is the Thymus gland? |
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Definition
| It is an endocrine gland located under the sternum. |
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Term
| Which gland is associated with AIDS? |
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Definition
| AIDS destroys the T-Cells (T4) of the Thymus gland, which destroys the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The testicles and the ovaries. |
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Term
| What hormones does the ovary produce? |
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Definition
| estrogen and proestoren, which are responsible or the growth of sex characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The lining of the uterus coming off. |
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Term
| What are the ovaries stimulated by? |
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Definition
| The anterior pituitary gland releases hormones that stimulate the ovaries. |
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Term
| What are the gonads of the male? |
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Definition
| They are the testes, and they are located in the scrotem. |
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Term
| What are male sex hormones? |
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Definition
| They are known as androgens, and include testosterone. |
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Term
| What are the second sex characteristics of men? |
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Definition
| Hair (pubic, facial, and axillary) and heavier bones and muscles. |
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Term
| What is testosterone stimulated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do home pregnancy tests test for? |
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Definition
| The hGC (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) in the woman's urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Estrogen stops being produced. |
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