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Endocrine Hormones
Endocrine hormones and their effects.
25
Anatomy
11th Grade
04/21/2011

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Term
What are the hormones of the Adrenal Cortex?
Definition
Collectively known as corticosteroids, they are: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones.
Term
What produces mineralocortcoids and what do they do?
Definition
The Adrenal cortex produces these, mainly aldosterone. It regulates the mineral or salt content of the blood and target the kidney tubules that absorb salt or lets it flush out of body.
Term
What happens when aldosterone rises?
Definition
The kidney tubules reclaim more sodium and expel more potassium, and more water follows.
Term
What enzyme do the kidneys produce and what does it do?
Definition
Renin, which encourages aldosterone production by triggering a series of events that form angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone release.
Term
What enzyme do the kidneys produce and what does it do?
Definition
Renin, which encourages aldosterone production by triggering a series of events that form angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone release.
Term
What is atrial natriuretic peptide, what does it do, and what produces it?
Definition
NAP is produced by the heart and prevents aldosterone release.
Term
What are glucocorticoids, what do they include, and what produces them?
Definition
Glucocorticoids are cortisone and cortisol, which produce a healthy cell metabolism. High glucocorticoids indicate a high metabolism and break down fats and proteins to make sugars. They also inhibit pain-causing molecules called prostaglandins.
Term
What does the Pancreas produce?
Definition
Two important hormones are insulin and glucagon.
Term
What does insulin effect?
Definition
Insulin is released when glucose levels are high. It decreases blood levels of glucose.
Term
What happens when insulin is not produced?
Definition
Diabetes mellitus results, where the body cannot absorb the glucose and breaks down fats and protiens.
Term
What does glucagon do?
Definition
Glucagon acts as an antagonist to insulin, releasing alpha cells when blood levels of glucose is too low. Alpha cells target the liver, which then releases stored glucose.
Term
What does the Pineal gland secrete?
Definition
Melatonin, which plays a role in the sleep cycle. It also regulates hormones of fertility and keeps reproductive system from growing until full body size is reached.
Term
What gland produces sex hormones?
Definition
The innermost layer of the cortex of the Adrenal gland produces sex hormones.
Term
What is the Thymus gland?
Definition
It is an endocrine gland located under the sternum.
Term
Which gland is associated with AIDS?
Definition
AIDS destroys the T-Cells (T4) of the Thymus gland, which destroys the immune system.
Term
What are the gonads?
Definition
The testicles and the ovaries.
Term
What hormones does the ovary produce?
Definition
estrogen and proestoren, which are responsible or the growth of sex characteristics.
Term
What is Menstruation?
Definition
The lining of the uterus coming off.
Term
What are the ovaries stimulated by?
Definition
The anterior pituitary gland releases hormones that stimulate the ovaries.
Term
What are the gonads of the male?
Definition
They are the testes, and they are located in the scrotem.
Term
What are male sex hormones?
Definition
They are known as androgens, and include testosterone.
Term
What are the second sex characteristics of men?
Definition
Hair (pubic, facial, and axillary) and heavier bones and muscles.
Term
What is testosterone stimulated by?
Definition
LH (lutenizing hormone)
Term
What do home pregnancy tests test for?
Definition
The hGC (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) in the woman's urine.
Term
What causes menopause?
Definition
Estrogen stops being produced.
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