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Endocrine Diseases
N/A
18
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
10/27/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the most common equine endocrine disease?
Definition
Equine Cushing's Disease--Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Term
What are some less common equine endocrine diseases?
Definition
Diabetes insipidus
Pheochromocytoma
Neonatal hypothyroidism
Adult hypothyroidism
Primary/secondary hyperparathyroidism
Term
Equine metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by __________, ________________, and ____________ in horses and ponies.
Definition
Obesity
Insulin resistance
Laminitis
Term
Which of the following are abnormalities that can occur with equine metabolic syndrome?

a. Hypertriglyceridemia
b. Hyperleptinemia
c. Altered reproductive cycling in mares
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C
Definition
e. A, B, and C
Term
When diagnosis equine metabolic syndrome, if measuring glucose and insulin in a single blood sample, glucose will be low/normal/high and insulin will be low/normal/high.
Definition
Normal
High
Term
How is a combined glucose-insulin test for equine metabolic syndrome done?
Definition
Take baseline glucose and insulin-->give 150 mg/kg 50% dextrose IV and 0.1 U/kg insulin IV-->take BG at 5-15 minute intervals for 150 minutes.
Term
What are the treatment options for equine metabolic syndrome?
Definition
Dietary modification: grass hay, eliminate concentrates, limit pasture availability

Levothyroxine supplementation

Regular exercise/weight loss

Laminitis monitoring/treatment
Term
Thyroid tumors, while uncommon, can occur in horses. When they do occur, thyroid _____________ are most common and surgical excision is curative.
Definition
Adenoma
Term
What are the common complaints of owners with a horse with "hypothyroidism?"
Definition
Fat horses
Cresty neck
Bulging fat pads above eyes
Laminitis
Term
What are the clinical signs observed in surgically thyroidectomized horses?
Definition
Lethargy
Poor exercise tolerance
Muscular abnormalities
Decreased body temperature
Decreased appetite
Scaly hair coat
Anemia

Basically, the complaints of owners of "hypothyroid" horses don't match up with the actual signs of hypothyroid horses.
Term
Many times, horses are administered ____________ to treat hypothyroidism with or without diagnostic testing. However, it should be noted that iatrogenic _________________ can be induced by thyroid supplementation due to negative feedback.
Definition
Thyro-L
Hypothyroidism
Term
What lesions in the horse lead to the clinical syndrome of Cushing's?
Definition
Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or functional adenomas of the pituitary pars intermedia
Term
Describe the pathogenesis of a horse developing equine Cushings:
Definition
Enlargement of pars intermedia caused by decreased dopaminergic innervation-->increased release of pro-opiomelanocortin derivatives (ACTH is one of them) -->end result is increased adrenocortical stimulation and increased endogenous glucocorticoids
Term
The average age of a horse with cushings is _____ years.
Definition
19
Term
What are the clinical signs associated with Cushing's?
Definition
Hirsutism
Chronic intermittent laminitis/sole abscessation
PU/PD
Sweating (hyperhidrosis)
Muscle wasting
Term
What are the clinicopathologic findings associated with Cushing's?
Definition
Hyperglycemia
Mild anemia
Neutrophilia
Lymphopenia
Elevated liver enzymes
Term
What is the typical diagnostic test performed for Cushing's?
Definition
Dexamethasone suppression test
ACTH stimulation test
Term
What are some treatment options for a horse with Cushing's?
Definition
Dopaminergic agonist: pergolide
Serotonin antagonist: cyproheptadine
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