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end of 23 respiration
lecture
49
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/07/2011

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Term
Inspiratory center and functions in quiet and forced breathing describes drg or vrg?
Definition
drg
Term
Are clusters of neuron cells and they have five action potentials at different rates
Definition
Dorsal and Ventral Respiratory group (DRG) and (VRG)
Term
Inspiratory and expiratory center. Funtions only in forced breathing - exercise.
Definition
VRG
Term
What is the hypothesized location of central respiratory rhythm pattern generation?
Definition
pre-Botzinger complex
Term
Promotes inspiration by stimulation of the neurons in the medulla oblongata providing a constant stimulus.
Definition
Apneustic Center
Term
Pontine respiratory group (PRG) does what?
Definition
Regulates the respiratory rate
Term
Chemoreceptors are sensitive to
Definition
PCO2, Po2, or pH of blood or cerebrospinal fluid
Term
Baroreceptors in aortic or carotid sinuses are sensitive to?
Definition
changes in blood pressure
Term
Stretch receptors respond to?
Definition
changes in lung volume
Term
______ are excitable cells that regulate CO2 and O2. Made of proteins that why they can bind to CO2 and O2.
Definition
Chemoreceptors
Term
Irritating physical or chemical stimuli in nasal cavity,larynx, or bronchial tree.
Definition
effect control of respiration.
Term
Other sensations including pain, changes in body temperature
Definition
effect control of respiration
Term
chemoreceptors,baroreceptors,stretch receptors, Irritating physical or chemical stimuli and other sensations all
Definition
effect the control of respiration
Term
________ and _______ bodies will change firing activity to communicate with nerves, then the brain, and changes will occur in breathing
Definition
Aortic and Carotid
Term
Carotid bodies work via
Definition
Baroreceptors and glossopharyngeal nerve .
Term
The aortic bodies work via...
Definition
Vagus nerve. Simulated by changes in blood pH or pco2.
Term
Are on ventolateral surface of medulla oblongata and respond to PCO2, and pH or CSF
Definition
Receptors monitoring CSF
Term
____________ is the primary sensory system. Major regulator in the brain.
Definition
Chemoreceptors
Term
MECHANISM OF CAROTID BODY
Glomus cells (excitable cell) contain
Definition
oxygen gated K channels
Term
MECHANISM OF CAROTID BODY
1.Osygen sensor detects low PO2
2. Closes ___ channels
3. Cell ________
4. Causes release of dopamine.
5. stimulates sensory neuron.
Definition
K
depolarizes
Term
MECHANISMS IN CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS
-Sensitive to changes in _____ and ___.
Definition
pco2/pH
Term
MECHANISMS IN CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS
1. co2 crosses blood/brain barrier.
2. carbonic anhydrase converts co2 to hco3 and H
3. ____ stimulates receptor.
4. Stimulates ventilation.
Definition
H
Term
Reflex triggered to prevent overinflation of the lungs.
Definition
Hering-Breuer
Term
pherenic nerve then, diaphram contracts, then stretch receptor in lungs, then vagus nerve, then inspiratory center.
Definition
hering breuer
Term
Protective reflexes are triggered by?
Definition
receptors in epithelium of the respiratory tract when lungs are exposed
Term
A peroid of suspended respiration
Definition
apnea
Term
Temporarily closes airway to prevent foreign substances from entering
Definition
laryngeal spasm
Term
What are two things that are voluntary controls of repsiration?
Definition
strong emotions (stimulate resp. centers in hypothalamus) and anticipation of strenous exercise (increase resp rate and cardiac output by sypmathetic stimulation
Term
Before birth lungs are _______ and contain ___ ______.
Definition
collapsed/ no air
Term
At birth, newborn ______ force of _____ ______.
Definition
overcomes/ surface tension
Term
Large drop in pressure at _______.
Closing ____ ______ and _____ ______.
Definition
First breath.
foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus.
Term
Abnormally low respiration rate.
Definition
Hypoventilation
Term
Results in CO2 buildup in blood.
Definition
Hypoventilation
Term
Co2 buildup in blood (hisgh Pco2) is called?
Definition
hypercapnia
Term
Abnormally high respiration rate
Definition
hyperventilation
Term
results in abnormally low Pco2 in blood
Definition
hyperventilation
Term
abnormally low Pco2 in blood is called?
Definition
hypocapnia
Term
low plasma pH
Definition
acidosis
Term
high plasma pH
Definition
alkalosis
Term
A reversable action that is to keep everything balanced...
Definition
law of mass action
Term
too much acid; pH is decreased
Definition
metabolic acidosis
Term
What causes metabolic acidosis?
Definition
Proton accumulation, ketoacids, kidney disease
Term
How do we fix metabolic acidosis?
Definition
Hyperventilate. Kidneys could help by peeing out H, but lungs usually handle it.
Term
Lungs cannot remove all the carbon dioxide the body produces; pH is decreased
Definition
Respiratory acidosis
Term
What causes respiratory acidosis?
Definition
hypoventilation
Term
How can we fix respiratory acidosis?
Definition
Renal compensation only.
Term
Loss of protons; pH is elevated above normal
Definition
metabolic alkalosis
Term
What causes metabolic alkalosis
Definition
loss of protons due to vomiting
Term
How do we fix metabolic alkalosis?
Definition
Hypoventilate to keep CO2.
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