Epinephrine

Uses:

*Tx for anaphylatic shock

*Vasoconstrictor

*Increase glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from the liver

*Affects adrenergic responses

*Can stop epistaxis

*Drug commonly used for inital tx of cardiac arrest

*Should not be used I/T if heart is still beating

*Stimulates heart contractions and blood flow to vital organs

*Most often refridgerated and away form light

Dopamine

*Stimulastes the myocardium

*Used in cpr, shock therapy, and acute renal failure

*Monitor BP closely, monitor for arrhythmias, dyspnea, anxiety, excitabilty, and nausea

*Administered by a ccarefully monitored CRI(constant rate infusion)

Sodium Bicarbonate

*Corrects metabolic acidosis

*alkalizing agent

Useful In:

*shock

*seve D+

*cardiac dz

*hyperkalemia

*cardiac arrest present for more than 10 minutes

Atropine

*0.54mg/ml most common

*lasts 60-90min

Used For:

*increasing HR

*anticholinergic(parasympathetic nervous system)

*helps prevent bradycardia

*can be used a an antidote for some posionings

Other Uses:

*part of pre-ops

*PVC(premature ventricular contractions) - Give it IV until PVC's stop

-decreases gut motility, stomach acidity, airway secretions

*dilates pupils and bronchii

Glycopyrrolate

AKA: robinul

*anticholinergic

*lasts 120-180min

*doesn't cross the BBB

*sight hounds, lean animals, sick animals

*good for c-sections

*helps prevent bradycardia

*increases heart rate

Other Uses:

*part of pre-ops

*PVC(premature ventricular contractions) - Give it IV until PVC's stop

-decreases gut motility, stomach acidity, airway secretions

*dilates pupils and bronchii

Calcium Chloride

Used for:

*hypocalcemia

*inject slowly to avoid any extravscular injection - which could cause: inflammation necrosis and sloughing

*use with caution in nephrocalcinosis

*increase toxicity risk if used with digitalis

Calcium Gluconate

Used For:

*hypoclacemia

*hyperkalemai

*ventricular asystole

In Emergencies:

*strengthens the heart after a stand still

*can help start contractions - given in L ventricle of heart calicum dilutes into blood

Lidocaine

Used in emergencies for:

*treating ventricular arrythmias

*dosage 2mg/kg

Some Other Uses:

*Tpoically : spray,gel,drops

*Locally: block never pain

*toxic at high doses

*deriviative of cocaine
*metabolized by the liver

Doxapram

AKA:Dopram

*Respitory stimulant

*Given IV once

*used in : depressed anesthetic respiration

Neonates: given sublingual,umbilical vein

*also counteracts the effects of xylazine

Dexmethasone Injectable

*Long acting steroidal drug >48hrs

*inhibits phospholipase

*anti-inflammatory

*gluccorticoid

*useful in shock and cns trauma

*helps with acites, edema

Prednisolone sodium succinate

*reconstitued

*intermediate acting steroidal drug

*lasts 12-36 hrs

*inhibits phospholipase

*anti-inflammatory

                        -asthma, allergic disorders

*immunosupressant

*Useful in :

*shock, spinal trauma, intracranial trauma

Steroid potential side effects

Most Common

• polyphagia
• PU/PD
• panting
• weakness
• bilateral alopecia

Other Effects

• gi ulcerations(w/nsaids)
• anorexia
• d+
• melena
  
• diabetes
• mood changes
• decreases - thyroid hormone, protein synthesis, wound healing
  

General Notes On Steroids

• they will affect blood values ( high glucose)

• Not recommended during

* healing phases of fractures

*young animals

*pregnant

• CAUTION in

*CHF, DIABETES, RENAL DZ

diazepam Injectable

• AKA valium
• Anticonvulsant (1st choice for active seizures)
• Induction drug - when combine with ketamine

Other Uses :

• appetite stimulant (cats)
• behavior modification
• urethral obstructions
• Poisiongs:

*chocolate

*nicotime

*amphetamine

*strychnine

*salicylate

Phenobarbitol Injectable

• controls seizures once they've been stopped
• long acting barbituate (6-8 hrs)
• controlled substance
• psychotherapeutic (used with aggresion)

Pentobarbital

• short acting barbituate (30min-2hrs)
• Anticonvulsatn(2nd choice if valium doesnt work)
• Anesthetic
• CAUTION!!!!

**NARROW margin of safety!!!

* Double the anesthetic dose and it acts as euthanasia solution

Naloxone

• AKA: Narcan
• narcotic antidote (reversible agent for narcotic toxicity)
• useful in shock therapy
• increases : cardiac output, atrerial BP
• decreases : hemoconcentration, metabolic acidosis, ocd disorders
• helps prevent hypoglycemia

Yohimbine

• AKA: Yobine
• alpha 2 blocking agent
• used in xylazine, romifidine overdoses

Butorphanol

• AKA: torbugesic, torbutol
• useful as an analgesic for mild to moderate pain
• lasts 1-2 hrs
• better for visceral pain (dogs)
• better for skin/declaw (cats)
• antitussive
• antiemtic

Heparin

• has  anti coagulating properties
• useful for : arterial thromboembolism, DIC ( disseminated intravascular coagulation), burn victims
• do not use in pt's w/ coagulation disorders
• montior pt's closey for bleeding thrombocytopenia

Furosemide

• AKA: lasix,salix,disal
• used for pulmonary edema(CHF), ascites,diuresis, hypercalcemia, cerebral edema, epistaxis,oliguira
• Don Not use in: anuira, progressive kidney dz
• Pt should monitored for : low wbc,d+,v+,pu/pd,leukopenia,hypkalemia,hypoatremia,dehydration
• prolonged used can lead to low potassium levels

Mannitol

• helps draw water into renal tubles
• help to prevent and tx oliguria
• used in acute glaucoma(shrinks vitroues humor of eye)
• management of acute cerebral edema due to trauma
• caution in intracranial bleeding - increase cerebral blood flow
• do not use in dehyrdated pt's
• monitor fluid and elctrolite imbalances nausea, v+, dizzyness

Vasopressin

• Effects: cns -
• Improves

*short term memory and concentration

*cardiovascular

                                                      *increases BP due to vasoconstriction

*helps increase water reabsorption in kidneys

Amiodarnone VF

• Uses:

* during irregular heart rrhytm

*atrial/ventricular fibrilation

*ventricular tachycardia

Emergency Box should Be checked at least _________

Once a month

for outdate items

depleted supplies

clogged needles