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Embryo Gems-5
AUC
16
Anatomy
Graduate
04/07/2011

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Cards

Term
Gut Tube formation
Definition
Body folding creates the gut tube from endoderm lined yolk-sac

Gut tube is suspended by dorsal mesentary
Term
Foregut endoderm proliferates to form
Definition
Buds for lungs, liver, gallbladder pancreas.
Term
Ventral mesentery forms:
Definition
Ventral mesentery forms septum transversum.

Grwoth of the liver into septum produces falciform ligament and lesser omentum
Term
Type 2 alveoli
Definition
Produce surfactant -> decreases surface tension

Premature infants have respiratory distress form insufficient surfactant
Term
Regulation of Gut Tube
Definition
Differentiation of gut tube regulated by interactions between gut endoderm and surrounding mesoderm.

HOX genes
Term
Liver Induction
Definition
Liver induction requires signals from Cardiac mesoderm and septum transversum.

FGF and BMD
Term
Pancreases formation
Definition
Ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds form on opposite sides of gut tube.

Ventral swings around and forms pancreas.

Annular pancreas -> ventral bud swung wrong way
Term
Dorsal sv Ventral Mesenteries
Definition
Ventral = Lesser omentum

Dorsal = Greater omentum

Greater omentum fuse with mesentery of transverse colon
Term
Formation of primary loop
Definition
Midgut rotates counter clockwise around SMA to form primary intestinal loop
Term
Meckels Diverticulitum
Definition
Remnant of the vitelline duct
Term
Urinary and genital system develop from?
Definition
intermediate mesoderm
Term
Kidney Problems
Definition
Horseshoe: Failure to ascend and separate

WTI can induce formation of two ureters: Superior on kidney will insert inferiorly on bladder
Term
Induction of Vagina
Definition
Growth of vagina triggered by paramesonephric ducts fusing and touching the urogenital sinus.
Term
Vagina/Uterine malformations
Definition
Double vagina: failed fusion of paramesonephric ducts

Uterus Bicornus: failure of middle wall to go through cell death
Term
Sex differentiation
Definition
Males: SRY -> SOX9
SOX 9 inhibits WNT4(female)

Female: WNT4 produces DAX1.
DAX1 inhibits SOX9
Term
Descent of the testes
Definition
testes are pulled down by gubernaculum

Cryptochidism: failure to descend

Tunica vaginalis may not close completly -> indirect hernias. hydrocele
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