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embryo block 1 sem1
exam review
76
Anatomy
Professional
05/30/2007

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Term
cleavage
Definition
mitotic divisions from 2 cell zygote
Term
fertilized membrane function
Definition
prevent more sperms from entering egg
Term
allantois
Definition
located near umbilical cord and yolk sac- after birth it forms medial umbilical ligament connecting urin bladder w umbilical cord
Term
hormone responsible for ovulation
Definition
Lutenizing hormone
Term
cause of turners syndrome
Definition
nondisjunction- during crossover, the chromosomes do not separate
Term
down's syndrome cause
Definition
nondisjunction of autosomal chromosome #21
Term
embryonic cell responsible for formation of melanocyte
Definition
neurocrest
Term
derivatives from neurocrest
Definition
ganglia, pia mater, arachnoid mater, schwann cells, melanocyte
Term
critical period of pregnancy
Definition
3-8 weeks
organogenesis and teratogens can affect growth
Term
most important teratogen
Definition
Rubella- mothers get mmr vaccination
Term
what week can embryo survive why
Definition
28 wk- lungs are developed
Term
hydatidiform mole
Definition
produce hCG- in syncytiotrophoblast- for growth of extraembryonic tissue

if extraembryonic tissue growing too much, hydatidiform mole has grown too much and taken over all three layers embryonic layers-choriocarcinoma
Term
choriocarcinoma
Definition
hydatidiform mole too large- all 3 layers embryo form extraembryonic tissue
Term
teratoma
Definition
tumor or problem associated with primitive streak
Term
origin of epithelium of esophagus
Definition
endoderm
Term
maternal part placenta derived from?
Definition
deciduas basilis (smooth part placenta- part of endometrium)
Term
oligohydramnios
Definition
defect of kidney- amniotic fluid doesnt pass through kidney to be released into amniotic fluid
Term
polyhydramnios
Definition
GI organ not working- embryo cant swallow amniotic fluid so too much amniotic fluid

esophagealatrasia or urinal constriction
Term
which set limbs develop first
Definition
upper limbs
Term
meromelia
Definition
partial absence of limb
Term
amelia
Definition
absence of limbs
Term
cause of syndactyle
Definition
no apoptosis between finger webs
Term
intraembryonic coelom
Definition
peritoneal cavity - a cavity within intraembryonic tissue
Term
extraembryonic coelom
Definition
hypoblast forms it- in extraembryonic tissue
Term
dolly the sheep
Definition
cloning of somatic cells
Term
chromosome number in primary spermatocyte
Definition
46 xy
Term
when does second meiotic division of oocyte complete
Definition
following fertilization
Term
disease with autosomal defect
Definition
down syndrome #21 autosome
Term
first functional system
Definition
cardiovascular
Term
function of umbilical vein
Definition
transfer nutrition to embryo
Term
corpus luteum
Definition
produce progesterone- space inside ovary where graafian follicle left ovary
Term
hCG hormone
Definition
human chorionic
Term
choriocarcinoma
Definition
too much extraembryonic growth due to hydatidiform mole
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
implantation outside uterus- fallopian tube or abdomen
Term
spina bifida
Definition
defect of neural tube
Term
placenta previa
Definition
placenta blocks the internal os of cervix preventing expulsion
Term
delivery stages
Definition
1- contraction/break amniotic membrane- cervix dilated
2-expulsion of baby
3-expulsion of placenta
Term
placenta barrier
Definition
maternal endometrium (decidua basilis)
syncytiotrophoblast
cytotrophoblast
connective tissue of embryo (mesenchyme)
Term
teratogens
Definition
rubella, thyalidimine, drugs, environmental factors
Term
Sonic Hedgehog Gene
Definition
ventralization of neural tube/limb formation

(regulates one thumb and 4 digits on each hand)
-Polarization of limb
Term
paraxial mesoderm derivatives
Definition
bone/muscle
Term
intermediate mesoderm
Definition
genitourinary system
Term
carnegie stages of forelimb development
Definition
associated with stages 12-23
Term
gastrulation
Definition
cell differentiation of epiblast-into three germ layers- regulated by primitive streak
Term
epithelia of resp system originate
Definition
endoderm (at one time it was connected to gi system)
Term
common cause of female infertility
Definition
infection leading to obstruction of fallopian tube
Term
hypoblast derivatives
Definition
extraembryonic tissue (syncytiotrophoblast/trophoblast)
Term
c-cells of thyroid gland derived from
Definition
neural crest cells
Term
why carry out amniocentesis
Definition
take fluid from amniotic cavity when pregnancy occuring ot look for birth defects (measure alpha fetal protein)
Term
umbilical cord formed from which cells
Definition
mesoderm
Term
fetus v embryo
Definition
embryo up to 8 weeks
fetus 8-37 week
Term
calculate EDD
Definition
add 9 months and 7 days to last menstrual period
Term
volume of amniotic fluid over time
Definition
10 wk 30 ml
20 wk 250 ml
37 wek 1 L
Term
high level alpha feto protein
Definition
developmental problem
Term
dizygotic twin
Definition
2 cells 2 sperm
Term
monozygotic twin
Definition
one cell one sperm- produce 2 embryos
Term
what is differentiation
Definition
prim streak is starting point of differentiation- epiplast becomes three germ layers
Term
neural tube defect runs in family- what to do with pregnant mom
Definition
monitor pregnancy- mom take fiber- watch alpha fetal protein/avoid teratogens- 50% will have normal birth
Term
gene responsible for shifting forelimb cranially resulting in brachial plexus problem
Definition
Hox gene
Term
vasa previa
Definition
bleeding from umbilical cord-umbilical vessels detach and fetus not receiving nutrition

-do immediate c-section
Term
50% conceptions end in spontaneous abortion- why
Definition
50% of them are chromosomal abnormalities
Term
common cause female pseudohermaphroditism
Definition
adenocortex- hormone problem0 too much testosterone/steroids produced hypertrophy
Term
when oogonia divide by mitosis
Definition
early period of embryo life 4-8 weeks- oocytes formed after 8th week- meiosis from that pt on
Term
homeobox genes
Definition
axial orientation of embryo- maintain cranial-caudal axis
Term
origin of chorion/chorionic cavity
Definition
extraembryonic tissue
Term
sonic hedgehog gene
Definition
polarizing activity- maintain 1 thumb 4 fingers each hand
Term
crossover
Definition
pairing of homologus chromosomes in meiosis 1
Term
stem cells originate
Definition
inner cell mass of blastocyst
Term
initial morphologic change in preparation of gastrulation
Definition
primitive streak
Term
morula
Definition
16 cell embryo
Term
placenta
Definition
matern: endothelium (decidua basilis)
fetal: villi of trophoblast/chorium
Term
neural tube/crest formed from
Definition
ectoderm
Term
derivatives of neural tube
Definition
brain/spinal cord
Term
amniochorionic membrane
Definition
amnion/smooth chorion/deciduas parietalis
Term
2nd week development
Definition
amniotic cavity
epiblast
hypoblast
yolk sac
Term
third week development
Definition
amniotic cavity surround embryo and yolk sac (except umbilical cord)
yolk sac inferior to endoderm
epiblast endures gastrulation
hypoblast forms extraembryonic tissues
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