Term
| What are the 3 main somite segments that the paraxial mesoderm splits into? |
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Definition
Sclerotome
Dermatome
Myotome |
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Term
| The axial skeleton originates from.... |
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Definition
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Term
| The appendicular skeleton (limb bones, pelvis) originates from.... |
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Definition
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Term
| The facial bones originate from... |
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Definition
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Term
| The cranial bones of the skull originate from... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between endochondral & intramembranous ossification? What body parts use which mode? |
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Definition
endochondral involves mesenchyme differentiating first into cartilage (chondrocytes) and then get replaced by bone
-long bones (limbs)
Intramembranous involves direct ossification of the mesenchyme
-flat bones (face & skull) |
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Term
| Where does muscle originate from? |
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Definition
skeletal muscle - paraxial
cardiac & smooth muscle - splanchnic |
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Term
| ___ and ____ keep myogenic cells proliferating (in mitosis). When the protein ____ is upregulated, they will be removed from the cell cycle and become____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| post-mitotic myoblasts which are fused together, they produce other proteins like troponin and tropomyosin |
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Term
True or False
Cardiac myocytes fuse together to form myotubes, whereas skeletal muscle myocytes do not |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the heart keep beating as it grows? |
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Definition
| filaments get partially disassembled then re-assembled during mitosis, on an individual cell level |
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Term
| In the developing limb, what happens first: growth & division, or cell differentiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| In limb development, cells undergo proliferation in the ____ zone |
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Definition
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Term
| The AER maintains the ____ axis via ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Shh maintains ____ and _____ |
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Definition
| AER & zone of polarizing activity |
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Term
| What are the master developmental genes |
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Definition
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Term
| What gene dictates the specific pattern of limb development? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the radius and ulna are missing, waht genes are knocked out? |
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Definition
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Term
| Having extra limbs is due to... |
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Definition
| duplication of the zone of polarizing activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absence of apoptosis between digits |
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