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Ellis-A&P Set 1
Basic Anatomy, Organ Systems, Directional Terms
89
Anatomy
12th Grade
07/31/2013

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
branch of science that deals with structures or parts
Term
physiology
Definition
the study of how things function
Term
cell
Definition
the basic unit of all living things
Term
tissue
Definition
a group of cells performing the same function
Term
organ
Definition
groups of tissues performing the same function
Term
organ system
Definition
groups of organs working together
Term
homeostasis
Definition
having a stable internal environment in the body
Term
axial
Definition

contains head, neck, and trunk

 

 

Term
appendicular
Definition
portion of body that includes the upper and lower limbs
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
portion of body that houses the skull/brain
Term
vertebral canal
Definition
cavity that contains the spinal cord/backbones
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
the lower cavity of the body containing the abdomen and pelvic cavities
Term
viscera
Definition
organs found within the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
mediastinum
Definition
a dividing region that separates the thoracic cavity into two (for right and left lungs)
Term
oral cavity
Definition

In the mouth:

contains teeth/tongue

Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
The nose and nasal passageways/sinuses
Term
Orbital Cavities
Definition
Contains the eyes and nerves associated with the eye
Term
Middle Ear Cavities
Definition
Contains the bones of the middle ear (anvil, hammer, stirrup)
Term
Parietal membrane
Definition
membranes attached to the wall of a cavity
Term
visceral membrane
Definition
membranes that are deeper within the body and typically cover an organ
Term
pleural membrane
Definition
a thin film of a membrane that covers the lungs
Term
pericardial membrane
Definition
a thin membrane that covers the heart
Term
peritoneal membranes
Definition
thin membranes that line the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
integumentary system
Definition
the organ system known as the skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands.
Term
skeletal system
Definition
the organ system that consists of the bones, ligaments and cartilage.
Term
muscular system
Definition
organ system that contains the muscles and tendons.
Term
nervous system
Definition
organ system that contains the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Term
endocrine system
Definition
organ system that includes all glands that secrete hormones.
Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
organ system that contains the heart, blood vessels and blood.
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
organ system that contains lymp vessels, fluid, nodes, spleen and thymus gland.  Helps with immune functions.
Term
digestive system
Definition
organ system that breaks down food and processes our energy
Term
respiratory system
Definition
system that helps to move air in and out of the body.
Term
urinary system
Definition
consists of kidneys, bladder and helps with excretion of fluids
Term
reproductive system
Definition
system that contains the reproductive organs
Term
anatomical position
Definition

When referring to a body it must be:

 

standing upright

face forward

upper limbs at side

thumbs out

palms forward

Term
superior
Definition
closer to the head
Term
inferior
Definition
closer to the feet
Term
anterior
Definition

closer to the front (face forward)

 

Term
posterior
Definition
closer to the backside of the body
Term
medial
Definition
closer to the middle of the body (midline)
Term
lateral
Definition
closer to the side/edge in reference to the midline
Term
proximal
Definition

a part of the body that is closer to the POINT OF ATTACHMENT to the trunk.

 

ex. the elbow is proximal to the shoulder when compared to the fingers

Term
distal
Definition

opposite of proximal

means further away from the point of attachment to the body.

 

example: fingers are distal to the shoulder when compared to the elbow

Term
superficial
Definition
closer to the surface
Term
deep
Definition
a part of the body that is more internal (opposite of superficial)
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
a plane that cuts through the midline separating the body into right and left halves.
Term
transverse plane
Definition
a plane that cuts the body in half at the waist, separating it into top and bottom halves
Term
coronal plane
Definition
a plane that cuts the body in half forming front and back halves
Term
abdominal
Definition

region between thorax and pelvis

stomach area

Term
acromial
Definition
the point of the shoulder
Term
antebrachial
Definition
the forearm
Term
antecubital
Definition
the space in front of the elbow
Term
axillary
Definition
the armpit
Term
brachial
Definition
the arm
Term
buccal
Definition
the cheek
Term
carpal
Definition
the wrist
Term
celiac
Definition
the abdomen
Term
cephalic
Definition
the head
Term
cervical
Definition
the neck
Term
costal
Definition
the ribs
Term
coxal
Definition
the hips
Term
crural
Definition
the leg
Term
cubital
Definition
the elbow
Term
digital
Definition
the finger
Term
dorsal
Definition
the back
Term
femoral
Definition
the thigh
Term
frontal
Definition
the forehead
Term
genital
Definition
the reproductive organs
Term
inguinal
Definition
the groin
Term
lumbar
Definition
lower back
Term
mammary
Definition
the breast
Term
mental
Definition
the chin
Term
nasal
Definition
the nose
Term
occipital
Definition
lower back of the head
Term
oral
Definition
mouth
Term
orbital
Definition
the eye cavity
Term
otic
Definition
the ear
Term
palmar
Definition
the palm
Term
patellar
Definition
the knee (front)
Term
pectoral
Definition
the chest
Term
pedal
Definition
the foot
Term
pelvic
Definition
the pelvis
Term
plantar
Definition
the bottom of the foot
Term
popliteal
Definition
the area behind the knee
Term
sacral
Definition
the posterior region between the hipbones
Term
sternal
Definition
the middle of the chest
Term
tarsal
Definition
the instep of the foot
Term
umbilical
Definition
the navel (bellybutton)
Term
vertebral
Definition
spinal column
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