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ELECTROLYTES
Joseph Wheeler BIOL 2402
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
08/10/2011

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Term
How much body fluids compromise the body by weight. How much is intracelluar and extracelluar
Definition
water and dissolved substances; water comprises 45 to 75 % of the body by weight. 2/3 is intracellular fluid and 1/3 is extracellular fluid
Term
what does Fluid Balance mean? How does water move?
Definition
the body contains the required amount of water to meet bodily needs. Water moves by osmosis.
Term
What factors determine Water in the body?
Definition
the amount varies from person to person; factors are age, gender and amount of adipose
Term
What detrimines Fluid intake and output in body. Generally how much is it per day?
Definition
is determined by the diet (foods, liquids, metabolic water, dehydration synthesis). normally fluid intake is approx. equal to the output (about 2300 ml/day)
Term
What are ways fluids are lost?
Definition
1) lungs, skin
2) vomiting and diarrhea
3) fever, severe burns
Term
Electrolyte?
Definition
any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive. electrolytes dissociate in water to form cations and anions
Term
Non-electrolytes
Definition
compounds which share electrons and don’t form ions (glucose, urea).
Term
Functions of Electrolytes?
Definition
Contain essential minerals. Control osmosis of water between body compartments. help maintain acid-base balance. contribute ions to a solution and attract opposite ions.
Term
What does concentration mean (with water)?
Definition
water moves to the area with the greater number of particles in solution
Term
Distribution of electrolytes?
Definition
1. plasma
2. interstitial fluid
3. intracellular fluid
Term
Sodium
Definition
Na+ is the most abundant extra-cellular electrolyte. ) necessary for the transmission of impulses in nervous and muscle tissue and plays a large role in fluid and electrolyte balance. Controlled by aldosterone.
Term
hyponatremia
Definition
excessive loss of Na+ via perspiration, diuretics or burns. Causes
muscular weakness, tachycardia, hypotension and headaches
Term
What does aldosterone control?
Definition
sodium, magnesium, potassium and chloride
Term
Chloride
Definition
osmotic pressure differences between compartments by being able to diffuse between intra-cellular and extra-cellular compartments.
Term
hypochloremia?
Definition
abnormally low chloride ion levels in the blood due to vomiting, dehydration
and diuretics. Causes muscle spasms
Term
Potassium
Definition
plays a role (impulse) in the functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in the buffer system inside the RBC’s
Term
hypokalemia?
Definition
low K+ (potassium) levels; possibly caused by vomiting and diarrhea
Term
Calcium & Phosphates
Definition
Ca++ is stored in bones and teeth and can be released when needed by the body.
it is also required for blood clotting, muscle contraction and normal heartbeat
Term
What controls calcium?
Definition
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
Term
Magnesium
Definition
activates enzyme systems needed to break down ATP and ) involved in reactions in the liver and bone
Term
Over hydration
Definition
increase in intracellular water concentration, - this condition disrupts nerve cell function, causes convulsions, coma and even death
Term
Acid- Base Balance rely on what mechanisms?
Definition
buffer systems, respirations, and kidney excretions
Term
buffer Systems?
Definition
biological system which prevents drastic changes in the pH of a body fluid by changing strong acids & bases into weak acids and bases. Strong Acids= H+ ions and Strong Bases= OH- ions
Term
Acidosis ph level?
Definition
6.8 to 7.35
Term
Alkalosis ph level?
Definition
7.45 to 8 ph
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