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EL Human Body Unit #3
Digestion, elimination, excretion
58
Anatomy
9th Grade
04/15/2012

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Cards

Term
What is the semisolid mixture of food, water, and acids from the stomach called?
Definition
chyme
Term
What is the function of the liver?
Definition
to produce bile
Term
What does the body use the nutrient fat for?
Definition
-insulate body/regulate temperature
-cushion organs
-steroids- chemcial messengers
-energy storage
-structural use in membranes
Term
what is found in urine?
Definition
water, urea, some sodium, excess K+ and H+ ions, drugs, and toxic substances
Term
What product(s) are excreted by the skin?
Definition
water, salts, and some urea
Term
Where does mechanical digestion first occur?
Definition
The mouth via the teeth
Term
If a person is lacking a gallbladder, how might that person need to alter their diet? Why?
Definition
Avoid large amounts of fats and oils because they won't have the extra bile to break it down.
Term
What 3 things make up urine?
Definition
water, urea, salt
Term
If the blood contains too little or too much glucose, the endocrine system will respond by increase or decreasing the glucose level. The endocrine system is a type of:
a) positive feedback system
b)equilibrium feedback system
c) negative feedback system
d) neutral feedback system
Definition
C
Term
What is the purpose of the pancreas?
Definition
To produce enzymes that are use for chemical digestion in the small intestine. (Lipase, pancreatic juices, insulin)
Term
What are the two main functions of the kindey?
Definition
-Aid in homeostasis (water, salt, balance)
-Removal of urea (toxin) from the blood (Excretion)
Term
Where does chemical digestion first occur?
Definition
the mouth via the saliva glands
Term
What is a bolus?
Definition
A ball/chunk of food as it moves through mouth and esophagus into the stomach
Term
What organ in the digestive system reabsorbs the majority of the body's water?
Definition
The large intestine/colon
Term
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Definition
To store the excess bile produced by the liver
Term
Give an example of a process your body performs that requires water:
Definition
-cellular respiration
-hydration reaction
Term
What are the 5 main waste products removed via excretion?
Definition
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Excess Water
3. Nitrogen (urea)
4. Heat
5. Inorganic salts
Term
Which organ in the digestive system utilizes the concept of large surface area to small volume ration to efficient function?
Definition
The small intestine for absorption
Term
What waste products are released/excreted by the lungs?
Definition
Carbon Dioxide and Water
Term
What is the name of a "filter unit" found in the kidney?
Definition
A nephron (1,000,000,000 per kidney)
Term
What is feces?
Definition
The undigested remains of your ingested food
Term
What are the 6 nutrients your body removes from the food you eat?
Definition
minerals, vitamins, water, fats/lipids, proteins, carbohydrates
Term
How does the liver play a role in homeostasis?
Definition
-modifies nutrients
-detoxifies substances
Term
Name the three ways the kidneys help maintain homeostasis?
Definition
1. remove urea & wastes
2. regulate water levels in the body
3. adjust amount of substances in the body
Term
What is the functional unit/ structure of the kidney?
Definition
the nephron
Term
How does the body use minerals?
Definition
They are inorganic; charged ions essential in pumps, active transport, muscle contractions, and nerve signals
Term
What are the two types of digestion that occur?
Definition
chemical and mechanical
Term
How many regions is the kidney made of? Name them:
Definition
2; renal cortex (outer) and medulla (inner)
Term
How many steps are involving in the fluid filtering process in a nephron? Explain them:
Definition
1. filtration in the glomerus
2. reabsorption in the tubule
3. secretion -removal of specifics
4. excretion of urine
Term
Removal of waste products from the blood stream is called:
Definition
excretion
Term
Name the 4 organs that perform the majority of excretion:
Definition
skin, lungs, kidney, liver
Term
What are the major organs of the excretory system:
Definition
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 2 bladder, 1 urethra, skin
Term
How does the body use the nutrient protein?
Definition
-transport proteins in cell membranes
-essential amino acid source
-structural component in tissues
Term
What physical process will ultimately move the broken down food (inside the digestive system) into the cell for usage?
Definition
Diffusion
Term
Excretion performed by your body removes what type of compounds?
Definition
nitrogen containing wastes (urea)
Term
Which enzymes breaks down starches to disaccharides?
a. amylase
b. gastrin
c. secretin
d. pepsin
e. maltase
Definition
a
Term
List the functions of the liver:
Definition
1. store sugar/glycogen to help regulate blood sugar levels
2. break down proteins to a.a. (releases nitrogen as urea)
3. produces bile from hemoglobin from dead red blood cells
4. removes poisonous substances from the blood
Term
Why are the lungs considered excretory organs?
Definition
they remove carbon dioxide from the body. Carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste product
Term
What is another name for the digestive tract?
Definition
the alimentary canal
Term
What does bile do to a lipid/fat?
Definition
breaks the large polymer into smaller molecules
Term
What is dialysis?
Definition
Artificially filtering the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so themselves. Typically requires removing the blood from the body.
Term
What is the purpose of bile?
Definition
To break down fats/lipids
Term
What are the four stages of digestion?
Definition
ingestion, digestion, absorption, excretion
Term
D
Definition
Term
Doctors are able to filter the blood of patients with poorly functioning kidneys. This process is called:
Definition
dialysis
Term
What materials or substances are filtered out of the blood by the kidney?
Definition
urea and excess salts
Term
Where does the majority of chemical digestion take place?
Definition
The stomach/ 1st part of the small intestine
Term
What are the involuntary muscular contractions that propel food through the digestive tract?
Definition
peristalsis
Term
What waste products are released by the skin?
Definition
water, urea, and excess salts
Term
How doe the kidneys play a role in homeostasis?
Definition
They regulate water balance in the body
Term
Chemically, what is the result when fats are broken down?
Definition
fatty acids and glycerol
Term
What is the function of pancreatic juices?
Definition
To neutralize chyme before it passes into the intestines
Term
How does the body use the nutrient carbohydrates?
Definition
-undigested fiber facilitates peristalis
-energy source
Term
Which organs perform mechanical digestion?
Definition
mouth and stomach
Term
What is the role of the pancreas in homeostasis?
Definition
It helps maintain blood glucose level by producing insulin and glucagon. It is regulated via negative feedback
Term
When a change in the environment causes body to counteract the change, what type of body signal is this called?
Definition
negative feedback
Term
What muscle controls the elimination of fecal matter?
Definition
the anus/ a sphincter muscle
Term
What is the function of the rectum?
Definition
To store fecal matter until time of elimination
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