Term
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Definition
| "the gift of the nile"--the river gave them life |
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Term
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Definition
-NE Africa
-Nile River(longest in the world)
-Natural Barriers(deserts in E and W-Sahara/Red Sea in E/Cataracts in S/Mediterranean Sea in N)
-isolated until 500 b.c.e. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-brought them food and resources
-2 branches(forms Nile Delta)
-flowed S to N
-flooding created fertile land(same time every year)
-unified Egypt
-improved transportation and communication |
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Term
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Definition
-religious ideas represented an inseparable part of the entire world order
-polytheistic("Ra"-most impt.--Sun god)
-sun gods and land gods(special significance)
-ruler took title of "Son of Re"(earthly form of Re)
-Horus(Patron god of kings)
-Happy afterlife for virtuous(judgement/mummification/Necropolis--city of the dead) |
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Term
| Agriculture and Domesticated Animals |
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Definition
6000 b.c.e.
-Early Egypt(series of villages along the Nile--3600 b.c.e.)
-Invention of writing(3500-3000 b.c.e.)hieroglyphics/pictographs
-Rosetta Stone(helped decipher hieroglyphics)196 b.c.e.
-wrote on papyrus(reeds that grew near the Nile) |
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Term
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Definition
-long periods of stability
-strong leadership, freedom from invasion, great building projects, and rich cultural activity |
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Term
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Definition
-times of invasion and disorder
-occurred between Kingdoms |
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Term
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Definition
-"King of Lower and Upper Egypt"
-united them
-created 1st royal dynasty(family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family)
-double-sided crown(indicated unity of Upper and Lower Egypt)
-established 1st capital(Memphis) |
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Term
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Definition
2686-2181 b.c.e.(after menes)
-age of prosperity and splendor
-theocracy(religion-focused gov't)monarchs/pharaohs were powerful rulers over a unified state
-Kingship-divine institution that formed part of a universal cosmic order(ma'at)
-people helped maintain a stable world by obeying
-pharaohs possessed absolute power(complete, unlimited power to rule their people)
-bureaucracy-administrative organization with officials and regular procedures
-divided into 42 provinces w/ separate governors
-Pyramids-large, complex buildings dedicated to the dead (a city of the dead/tombs for kings/large-scale organization)
-Mummification-used to preserve a physical body after death by slowly drying it to prevent rotting(done by priests/organs in canopic jars/70 days/placed in pyramids(pharaohs)
-Great Pyramid of Khufu-guarded by the Great Sphinx(lion body and human head) |
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Term
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Definition
2181-2050 b.c.e.
-caused by famine and Political Disintegration(rising power of nomarchs-local governors) |
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Term
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Definition
2050-1750 b.c.e.
-golden age of stability
-arts(Literature)
-period of expansion(conquered Nubia and sent traders to Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Crete
-pharaoh portrayed as shepherd of his people(built public works and provided for public welfare)
-Trade Revival(Mediterranean Sea/long distance/caravans-local traveling market)
-spread into an empire |
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Term
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Definition
1750-1550 b.c.e.
-Hyksos invasion |
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Term
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Definition
-social structure organized like a pyramid
-(highest-lowest)god-king/priests and nobles(ran gov't and managed their own land estates)/merchants, artisans, scribes, and tax collectors(traded and created many gods)/farmers(largest group)/peasants(farmed land for nobles/paid taxes in crops/lived in small villages/forced to serve in military)
-arranged marriages for girls(12)and boys(14)to produce sons
-husband-master of the house
-wives-well-respected(kept property and inheritance)
-careers and public offices for men
-some women operated businesses
-peasant women worked long hours in the fields and at home
-upper class women became priestesses
-4 queens became pharoah |
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Term
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Definition
1550-1050 b.c.e.
-Akhenaten(1353-1335 b.c.e.)/Amenhotep IV(changed his name)
-challenge of monotheism to traditional Egypt
-Aten(god of the sun disk)
-ruined city of Akhenaten as source of info(el-amarna)
-Pharaoh had many wives |
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Term
| Contributions/Achievements |
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Definition
-system of #s-for taxes
-farmers use geometry to survey land
-architecture-pyramids, temples, palaces
-developed 365 day calendar based on nile floods
-Medicine-mummification, splints, pulse, circulatory, surgery |
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