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| Battle between Czech Protestant forces and the Habsburg King Ferdinand II. This victory greatly reduced the power of the Bohemian Estates. |
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| Habsburg king who centralized the government and created a permanent standing army for internal rebellions. |
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| Group of people who established the most powerful empire in the world during the 16th century. They were a constant threat to the Catholics of the Holy Roman Empire |
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| The ruler of the Ottoman Empire at the time they were considered the most powerful empire in the world. |
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| Takes 1 to 3 thousand boys from conquered territories and trains them as slaves, raising them as Muslims. The most talented ones rise up in the bureaucracy, whereas the lesser ones join the core of the Sultan’s army, the janissary corps. |
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| Habsburg king who formed the Pragmatic Sanction |
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| States that Habsburg possessions were never to be divided and were always to be passed intact to a single heir, who might be female since Charles was the last of the Habsburg males. |
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| Hungarian prince who rebelled against the Habsburg. Although he was defeated, the Habsburgs were forced to accept a compromise with the Hungarians. |
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| Rulers of Prussia and Brandenburg. They did not have much power. |
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| Frederick William, Great Elector |
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| An elector who paved the way for absolutism in the Hohenzollern territories. He unified the three separate provinces. |
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| Nobles and landowners who dominated the Estates of Brandenburg and Prussia. |
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| King Frederick I/Fredrick the Ostentatious |
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| Weak king who imitated the style of Louis XIV. |
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| Successor of Frederick I who established Prussian absolutism and created the best army in Europe |
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| Asiatic people led by Genghis Khan who established a vast empire throughout Asia and eastern Europe. |
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| First prince to become adept at serving the Mongolians. |
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| “Ivan Moneybags” who exploited peasants and spent little money in order to amass a fortune for the Mongols and to defeat his rivals |
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| Slavic word for Caesar, used to denote the absolute ruler of Russia |
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| The way the Tsar described his land. |
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| Seized lands and forced boyars to serve him if they wished to keep their territories. |
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| First tsar of Russia. Conquered the remaining Mongols and transformed the entire nobility into a service nobility. |
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| Outlaw armies made up of nobles who tried to avoid the jurisdiction of Ivan the Terrible. |
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| What the people of Russia considered themselves, slaves to the prince. |
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| Confusion following the death of Ivan the Terrible without an heir. |
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| Grand nephew of Ivan the Terrible and the person who was restored to the monarchy after the end of the Cossack rebellion. |
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| Introduced reform to the Eastern Orthodox church and wanted to bring them closer to the Greek model. |
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| People who did not believe in Nikon’s reform and killed themselves after performing symbols of the old church. |
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| Leader of the Cossacks who attempted to overthrow the Russian government. This attempt failed. |
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| Russian Tsar who wanted to moderize Russia and make it a great military power |
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| Young king who was a military genius and overthrew Denmark and proceeded to attack the Russians. |
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| Tax that takes actual people for service |
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| Battle in which the Russians defeated the Swedish, turning the tide of the war. |
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| Emotional, exuberant, which appealed to the senses. |
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| Name for St. Petersburg, a city located on the western border of Russia. |
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