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| __emerged as the strongest of the Germanic groups that controlled the area fromerly known as the Roman province of Gaul |
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| __ conquered Gaul which would become Kingdom of France; converts to Chritianity |
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| __ provided stability for the French people |
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| The Kings left the charge of the royal household of estates to __ |
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| Unofficially, the mayors of the palace had command of the __ and made policy (had more power than kings at this time) |
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| __ was the most powerful mayor of the palace |
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| Battle-Franks vs. Muslims; Islam had spread into Spain and a Muslim Empire included Sicily and Spain; making way into Europe |
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| __ always rode ponnies; __ always rode Arabians |
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| __ called for the use of horses giving land in return; created saddles, stirrups, and armor (first armed knights) |
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| Muslims attacked across the pyrenees in hopes of capturing __ and adding it to their Muslim Empire |
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| __ defeated the __ at the Battle of Tours |
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| __ led the Franksih army into battle during the Battle of Tours; first time a mayor of the palace had ridden at front of the line; nicknamed "__" |
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Results of the Battle at Tours:
Creation of French Medieval __; Shift in __ from the king to the Mayor of the Palace; __ remained Christian |
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| knighthood; power; France |
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| Establishment of the Carolingian Dynasty (Named for __ = Charlemagne.) |
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| At his death, Charles Martel named his son __, his successor. |
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| Pepin aided the __ in expelling rebellious Lombard’s when the Byzantine Emperor refused; Pepin knew this would win him favor with Christians |
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| In 756 __ gave the lands taken away from the rebellious Lombard’s to __ in what became known as the __. This ultimately became known as the __. |
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| Pepin the Short; Pope Stephen; Donation of Pepin; Papal States |
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| Pepin the Short was gratefully crowned “__” by Pope Stephen |
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| King of the Franks by the grace of God |
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| The Donation of Pepin tied the Papacy to __ rather than the Byzantine Empire and it also contributed to the Great Schism of 1054 |
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| In 768: Pepin died leaving his Frankish kingdom to his son __ |
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| In Latin, Charlemagne’s name was Carolus Magnus (Charles the Great) The line of French kings became named for him and was known as the __. |
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| Charlemagne __ the Donation of Pepin made by his father; The land covered the central part of __ which became known as The Papal States |
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| In 800 AD Charlemagne traveled to Rome to put down nobles rebelling against the Pope; Charlemagne defeated the nobility; In gratitude, __ crowned Charlemagne HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR |
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| Symbol of __ is eagle with his head turned to the side and his talons |
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| Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman emperor on __ |
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| Charlemage was apprehensive because it would appear as through the __ was SUPERIOR to Charlemagne; c. This set the stage for future struggles between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors |
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| Charlemagne being browned Holy roman emperor enraged the __ and contributed to the Great Schism between the Byzantine and Roman Catholic Churches |
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| As King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor __ reunited Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire |
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| By 800, The Carolingian Empire exceeded the Byzantine empire to include: 2/3 of __, All of present day __, A small part of __, and all of German speaking __ |
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| Italy; France; Spain; Saxony |
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| With the new lands, Charlemagne had to __ the area carefully |
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| Charlemagne traveled his Empire on __; He judged cases, settled disputes, and rewarded faithful followers |
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| Minor bureaucrats appointed by Charlemagne; They served as Charlemagne’s eyes and ears (spies) throughout his Empire and reported directly to him |
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| Charlemage's regional governors |
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| officials that maintained the military |
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Charlemagne made it as his capital city; It was located on the Rhine River
; It was centrally located and burial place |
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| Charlemage spoke __ but learned __ and encouraged its use in his empire |
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| Charlemagne revived culture, education, and the arts at __ surround himself with German, English, Italian, and Spanish scholars |
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| Charlemagne encouraged the construction of schools built by the __ to train future monks and priests; The monasteries also expanded their libraries; Known as the __ this education was a way to unify his Empire |
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| Monks; Carolingian Renaissance |
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| __ means fancy script and illustrations; Most of these were created by monks in monasteries; They used natural colored and gold paint on vellum |
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| Territory Charlemagne took on the Spanish side of the Pyrenees; To further protect France from the Muslims, he created the __ |
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| Charlemagne extended Christianity North to __ |
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| Because of Charlemagne’s conquest of Saxony, Hitler used this to establish legitimacy. Hitler claimed that __ Empire was the first Reich. __ in World War I was The Second Reich. __ claimed to form The Third Reich. |
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| Charlemagne’s; Wilhelm; Hitler |
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| Charlegmage extended his Empire south eastward all the way to the __ and he created an organized, efficient, unified, Christian kingdom that blended __, __, and __ traditions |
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| papal States; Germanic, Roman, and Christian |
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| Charlemagne died in 814;__ was the son of Charlemagne |
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| Louis saw his sons fight over his Empire while he was yet alive; He arranged the __ which was signed by Charlemagne’s Grandsons. It divided the Empire |
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| The Treaty of Verdun: __ received the French speaking territory, He became King of the Franks, __ began to decline almost immediately |
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| Charlres the Bald; France |
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| The Treaty of Verdun: __ received the German speaking territory |
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| The Treaty of Verdun: __ received northern Italy, It was the smallest part, Crowned Holy Roman Emperor |
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| From the northern region that includes Norway, Sweden, and Denmark; They worshiped warlike gods; They took pride in nicknames like Eric Bloodaxe and Thorfinn Skullsplitter |
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| Vikings (Norsemen/Northmen) from Scandinavia |
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| The largest __ held __ warriors and had __ oars; The prow of the ship swept upwards; It ended in the head of a monster; It may weigh 20 tons; It could sail in three feet of water |
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| They looted and burned villages and monasteries; They raided coasts and rivers of Europe; They were expert sailors, and destructive raiders, traders, and explorers who sailed the Mediterranean and even across the Atlantic |
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| Barbaric Destructive Invaders |
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| Peace ceremony with the Viking army leader __ and the King of France __ (879-929); Charles granted the leader of a huge piece of French territory that became known as __ |
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| Rollo; Charles the Simple; Northmen’s land of Normandy |
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| 10th and 11th century, France begins to decline and was replaced by __ families |
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| The successors of Charlemagne: Successors to Charles the Bald and Simple=They were __ and had little power; __ territories were ruled by feudal lords |
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| ***At this point in __, it is very different than other places such as England. French monarchs did not rule over a __. France was now more like a patchwork of territories ruled by powerful __. |
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| France; unified kingdom; nobles |
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