Term
| Who was the successor to Muhammad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the four "rightly guided Caliphs"? |
|
Definition
| Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan and Ali ibn Abi Talib. |
|
|
Term
| When was the reign of the Rashidun Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Caliphate of the four "rightly guided" Caliphs. |
|
|
Term
| What Caliphate came after the rule of Muhammad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the rulers to come after the Rashidun Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the reign of the Umayyad Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How were caliphs chosen during the Rashidun Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How were the caliphs chosen during the Umayyad Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What whas the third Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Abbasids rule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the first 100 years of the Abbasid rule known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the second Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did the Abbasids create a new capital? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A religious opinion on Islamic law issued by an islamic scholar, a mufti, part of the Ulama'. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An advisor or minister to a muslim Caliph or Sultan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A judge ruling in accordance with the Sharia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The religion of Persia before it was conquered by Islam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Native Egyptian Christians. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The dhimmi were non-muslims living in a Muslim state being ruled by Sharia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mystal dimension of Islam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest denomination of Islam. Beleives in following the Sunnah, a collection of hadiths on Muhammad's life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Sunna means "the way and the manners of the prophet." The Sunna is built through hadith. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The body of Islamic religious law. |
|
|
Term
| What is the second largest branch of Islam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oral traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. Hadith collections are regarded as important tools for determining the Sunna. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The head of state in a Caliphate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most sacred site in Islam where as Muslims pray to. It is located in Mecca. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who led the opposition to the Third Crusade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who founded the Ayyubid dynasty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A high title of nobility in Arab cultures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the region where modern Turkey now resides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 622 AD where did Muhammad flee to with his followers to escape persecution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Muhammad unite conflicting tribes before conquering Mecca? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Did Muhammad conquer Mecca without bloodshed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The Umayyads were connected by blood to Muhammad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Caliphate moved the capital of the Islamic world from Damascus to Baghdad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On what river did the Abbasid Caliphate create Baghdad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Abbasid Caliphate create Baghdad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Were the Umayyad's or the Abbasids more tolerant of people of other religions? |
|
Definition
| the Abbasids welcomed people of other religions. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Shi'ia muslims supported the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What form of Islam did the Abbasids embrace? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the transfer of the Islamic capital from Damascus to Baghdad trigger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is this hadith symbolic of: "the ink of scientists is more holy then the blood of martyrs" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where were many great works translated into Arabic and saved for future generations? |
|
Definition
| Baghdad during the Golden Age of Islam during the Abbasid Caliphate. |
|
|
Term
| What group sacked Baghdad in 1258? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A highly skilled slave soldiers of turkish descent who converted to Islam. |
|
|
Term
| What was the structure of Arabia before the rise of Muhammad? |
|
Definition
| Arabia consisted of semi nomadic tribes and few city states. |
|
|
Term
| What was the capital of Byzantium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What language is spoken in Iran? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian/Persian empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the official religion of the Sassanian Empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the central beleif of Zoroastrianism? |
|
Definition
| The beleif of dualism-the existence of a force of light and dark. |
|
|
Term
| What was one of Muhammad's biggest critiques of contemporary Christianity? |
|
Definition
| Muhammad criticised Christianity for abandoning monotheism and embracing the trinity. |
|
|
Term
| What event marks the start of the Islamic Calender? |
|
Definition
| Muhammad's escape from Mecca to Medina. |
|
|
Term
| Where did Muhammad preach for 10 years as leader? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Muhammad preached of End Times. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Did Arabia have political unity at the time of Muhammad's death? |
|
Definition
| It had political unity but there was a breif crisis in which there was a question of who was to rule. |
|
|
Term
| What biblical figure did the Arabs beleive they descended from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the main goal of Abu Bakr? |
|
Definition
| Abu Bakr's main goal was to reunify the Arab tribes after the death of Muhammad. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The second Caliph Umar started Muslim expansion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Umar, the 2nd Caliph, expand into? |
|
Definition
| Iran, Southern Iraq, Palestine and Syria. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the rightly guided Caliphs conquered Jerusalem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the Caliph who started a reintigration campaign of the areas conquered by Umar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Uthman, the 3rd Caliph accused of doing? |
|
Definition
| Abandoning the identity of Islam by favoring his own clan over other Muslims. |
|
|
Term
| How was Ali, the fourth Caliph, related to Muhammad? |
|
Definition
| He was his foster brother, cousin, son in law. |
|
|
Term
| Who was accused of conspiring to kill Uthman the third Caliph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What government opposed Ali? |
|
Definition
| The Mu Awiya government of Syrria opposed him and started a war against him. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the governor of Syrria who overthrew Ali and began the Umayyad Caliphate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who did islamicized non-arabs generally support during the times of the rightly guided Caliphs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Mu Awiya, the first Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate rule from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sect of Islam beleives that Muslims are oppressed but the chosen people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Shiism of Iran? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sect of Islam that consisted of the people who did not follow Ali? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sect of Islam held as its core beleif to live as closely to the life of Mohammad as possible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the Umayyad Caliphate what did non-Arabs have to do even if they converted to Islam? |
|
Definition
| Pay extra taxes. However this was repealed in the early 700's. |
|
|
Term
| What was the first Caliphate to really propogate Islam as a non exclusive religion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Islam, what is the problem with Judaism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Islam what is the main problem with Christianity? |
|
Definition
| The trinity and Christianity's deviation from the bible. |
|
|
Term
| During which Caliphate was the Dome of the Rock built? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the Dome of the Rock built? |
|
Definition
| The 690's by the Umayyad Caliphate. |
|
|
Term
| What criticism of Christianity is written on the Dome of the Rock? |
|
Definition
| "God is not a third of three." |
|
|
Term
| What group founded Cairo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the religion of the Fatimid elite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What city had a roaring economy from 750-850 AD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where during 750-850 AD were all religions working together for the sake of science? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what city did a boom in the feilds of mathematics, philosophy, medecine and astronomy take place during 750-850 AD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four school sof Shari'a law? |
|
Definition
| Hamafi, Hanbali, Shafi and Maliki. |
|
|
Term
| During what century did the Abbasid Caliphate begin to desintigrate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sect of Islam held the beleif that a small group of elite were still being contacted by god in the form of revelations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 950 AD Baghdad was conquered by....and the Abbasid Caliphate was turned into puppets. |
|
Definition
| The Buyids, a group of Persian Shiites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1055 what group entered Baghdad and proclaimed to liberate it from Buyid Shiite rule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1071 what group slowly infiltrated Anatolia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the so called "raiding spirit" held by the Saljuks in Anatolia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Sufism mean literally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ritualistic mystical branch of Islam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Sufism spread particularly fast with the Saljuks? |
|
Definition
| The Saljuks could not understand Arabic and came from shamanistic traditions, so it appealed to them. |
|
|
Term
| What branch of Islam would one look to in order to experience Islam more "directly"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fundemental conflict between Sufism and Sunnism? |
|
Definition
| Orthodox Sunnis beleive only muhammed can have divine contact, so Sufism is false. |
|
|
Term
| What was the capital of the Seljuks and root of Sufism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1099 who invaded the Islamic lands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1144, who brought a counter offense against the crusaders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Salah al-Din reconquer Jerusalem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the dynasty of Salah al-Din? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: The Ayyubids made deals with the crusaders, allowing them access into Jerusalem. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened as a response to the 6th Crusade's capture of the northern coast of Egypt? |
|
Definition
| The Ayyubid leader died on his way to respond. His son was then killed by Mamluks. The leader's wife then ruled the Ayyubid empire shortly before being killed and found in the streets of Cairo. |
|
|
Term
| When did the Mamluks take power in the Islamic world? |
|
Definition
| In 1260 Mamluks take power. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the first Mamluk leader? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who wiped out the last of the crusader cities and halted the mongols in Syrria? |
|
Definition
| Baybars the first Mamluk Sultan. |
|
|
Term
| What was the rank below Sultan in Mamluk society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the average reign of a Mamluk Sultan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are the awlad al-nas? |
|
Definition
| The "sons of the people (mamluks)." |
|
|
Term
| Who held the powerbase of legal knowledge in Islamic society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who holds the base of Divine knowledge in Islamic Society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A member of the Ulama', that preached Jihad and anti Christianity. Part of the Hanbali school of Islamic law. |
|
|
Term
| Who was the founder of the Ottoman Empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, rule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the capital of the Rum Seljuks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did the Rum Seljuks rule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which city did the crusaders sack in 1204? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fief of land granted to soldiers in exchange for their support. |
|
|
Term
| Where was Salah al'Din based out of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Muslim leader finally put an end to the Fatimids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Fatimid rule survive even after it's destruction in Egypt by Salah' al Din? |
|
Definition
| The Fatimids survived in assasin mountain strongholds throughout Syrria. |
|
|
Term
| Who finally destroyed the last of the Assassin strongholds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What rulers saved Islam from ruin at the hands of the Mongols? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who destroyed Baghdad and ended finally the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What event raised Mamluk Egypt to the status of leading Muslim Power and last base of Arab culture? |
|
Definition
| The Mamluk defeat of the Mongols. |
|
|
Term
| What marks the close of the classic Arabic phase of Islamic history? |
|
Definition
| The destruction of the last Caliphate in Baghdad by the Mongols. |
|
|
Term
| What group did Osman, founder of the Ottoman Empire, rise out from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An Islamic school of law? |
|
|
Term
| What are Islamic schools of law called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call a judge ruling in accordance with the sharia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Caliph of the rightly guided Caliphs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An atabeg was a military tutor or guardian, who in many cases in the Muslim world, took power after their master died. |
|
|
Term
| Who was a very notable atabeg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False, Mamluks could inherit their father's estate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the Mamluk rule of Cairo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the proccess known as Joseph's Law? |
|
Definition
| The proccess by which Mamluk sultans came to be. From imported Christian slave to Muslim sultan. |
|
|
Term
| During what period did the awlad al nas play a larger role in the military? |
|
Definition
| The awlad al nas played a larger role in the military during the Ottoman period when sources of recruitment were drying up. |
|
|
Term
| What do you call the descendants of Mamluks who had wealth and privilege but rarely held significant military or political offices? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Could Alwad al Nas ever become Sultan in Mamluk society? |
|
Definition
| They could but it was rare. |
|
|
Term
| How were Mamluk Sultans usually chosen? |
|
Definition
| Mamluk sultans were usually elected through a sort of electoral college of Mamluk amirs. |
|
|
Term
| Who did the Mamluks give refuge in return for legitimacy? |
|
Definition
| The last of the Abbasid Caliphate. |
|
|
Term
| How were soldiers payed during Mamluk rule? |
|
Definition
| The troops were given iktas. |
|
|
Term
| During Mamluk time were iktas hereditary? |
|
Definition
|
|
