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| 781, As the only surviving adult son of Charlemagne and Hildegard, he became the sole ruler of the Franks after his father's death in 814, a position which he held until his death, save for the period 833–34, Louis is generally compared unfavourably to his father, though the problems he faced were of a distinctly different sort. |
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| which ended the three years of the Carolingian Civil War, was a treaty of the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, the son and successor of Charlemagne, which divided the territories of the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms between the grandsons of Charles the Great. |
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the first King of France of the eponymous Capetian dynasty from his election to succeed the Carolingian Louis V in 987 until his death.as Count of Paris, he made the city his power centre. The monarch began a long process of exerting control of the rest of the country from there.
He is regarded as the founder of the Capetian dynasty. |
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| dynasty of Germanic Kings (919-1024), named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin. The Ottonian rulers are also regarded as the first dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire, as successors of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty and Charlemagne, who is commonly viewed as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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| Norse Scandinavian) explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.[1] |
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King of Wessex from 871 to 899. only english monarch still to be called "the Great"
improved his kingdom's legal system and military structure.
Regarded often as a saint |
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The manorial (manor) and mezzadria systems
Full and half Feudalism
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Manorial: Life on a manor, 9th - 15th century AD, Pesents would grow for lord.
Mezzadria: a system used in Southern Italy, where a vineyard is leased and thelandlord is paid a half-share of the wine produced |
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9th to 15 century
Traded land for service or labor.
land (a fief)
vassals
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annual cycle of trading fairs held in towns in the Champagne and Brie
trade fur, textiles, leather and spices |
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The ‘Commercial Revolution’ (16th cent)
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| economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism 16th century until the early 18th century. new trade routes |
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School tought people like Dante Alighieri and Leonardo da Vinci.
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| a council of tenants-in-chief (people in manors) and ecclesiastics that advised the king of England on legislative matters |
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Suger of Saint-Denis
1151
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| one of the last Frankish statesmen, a historian, and first patron of Gothic architecture. went to school, friend and counsellor both of Louis VI and Louis VII |
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| King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105. |
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| agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122. brought an end to the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors. |
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The Peace of God and Truce of God
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| one had to get permission by lord who would ask god if it was ok to go to war |
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| fought between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuq Turks, turks won and began the movement into central Anatolia 1080, |
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Council of Clermont (crusades)
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| where they talk about the crusades decide to go. |
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| was the first crusade, it was popular in pop culture beacuse of a fiery speech made by Pope Urban II |
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Hospitallers and Templars
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Hospitallers: were a group of men attached to a hospital in Jerusalem that was founded by Blessed Gerard around 1023
Templars: a group of fighters that were the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades. |
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| The Muslim armies under Saladin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces, removing their capability to wage war |
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Richard I of England
1199
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Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, effectively leading the campaign
Richard barred all Jews and women from the ceremony, |
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| originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, Crusaders invaded and conquered the Christian city ofConstantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire). |
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| Muslim soldier of slave origin. they fought the crusaders |
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The Albigensian Crusade
1209–1229
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| was a 20-year military campaign initiated by theCatholic Church to eliminate the Cathar heresy (a religious sect) |
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| is a collection of Canon law compiled and written in the 12th century as a legal textbook by Gratian |
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unilateral control over the Christian states of Europe he had supremacy over Europe's kings.
called the 4th crusade. |
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Innocent III wanted to reformulate papal involvement in the Crusades
presented 71 point measures for the 5th crusade |
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Cistercians and Carthusians
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Cistercians: closed monks
Cathusians: closed monks, men and women |
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The mendicant friars (begging brothers) teaching and correcting the lay
enforcers of religious orthodoxy
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| Cracker that represnts the body of christ, when its blessed its believed to really be the body. |
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Cathars: sect of christianity and Waldensians: a sect that joins protisms.
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| 12 year old boy whos death was belived to be from a jewish man who drank the blood as a way to make fun of christianity. |
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| one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages. He is known for his tenure as Inquisitor of Toulouse against the Albigenses at the behest of Pope Clement V between 1307 and 1323. |
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Peter Abelard and Heloise
1079
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| was a medieval Frenchscholastic philosopher, loved heloise his teacher |
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author of Four Books of Sentences, which became the standard textbook of theology
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Trivium: first 3 subjects
quadrivium: the 4 subjects: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.
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was an English author, educationalist, diplomat
12 century wrote about common sense. |
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| first universities in paris |
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| was an Italian Dominican priest of the Catholic Church, wrote many influential books. |
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| archbishop of Reims, appears as one of the Twelve Peers , wrote many important books. |
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| Tratior from the book the song of roland, betrayed Charlemagne's army to the Muslims, leading to theBattle of Roncevaux Pass. betrayes his stepson roland. |
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| a fictional knight in song of roland, rolands best friend. |
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Roncesvalles(song of roland)
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| Roncesvalles is famous in history and legend for the defeat ofCharlemagne and the death of Roland in 778, during the battle of Roncevaux Pass, when Charlemagne's rear guard was destroyed by Basque tribes. |
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During the 11th through 13th centuries the economy of Latin Christendom grew considerably. Discuss the reasons for and chief elements involved in increased agricultural productivity and the growth of trade and the urban economy during these centuries.
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CRUSADES! In the 11th and 13th century, latin christendom grew considerably due to their economic, agricultural and growth of trade.
The agricultural progress was due to lands being traded for servies to the king, Manors
Trade: the trade routes were being discovered from the cruades, and the ecomonmy was growing due to crusades. |
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Discuss the factors that came into play in the development of this “Papal Monarchy”. Be sure as well to address any conflicts with secular authorities (i.e. emperors and kings) that arose due to the papacy’s efforts to increase its power.
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| The papal monarchy got all of its power because of of unity, before this secular authprities would fight over the amount of power, the pope gathered a group of people he trusted and the leaders around eroupe in order to create unity. |
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Begin by discussing the causes of the First Crusade, and discuss how crusading evolved to include not only expeditions to the Holy Land but other kinds of crusading as well.
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| The first crusade was brought on beacuse of trips to the holy land by christians, they found out there was people in their lands and then a fiery speach by Pope Urban II lead the crusades to be popularized, the wars after the reasons became very diffrent, with each cruade a diffrent reason was apparent. in all of there reasoning was the trip to the holy land. |
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