Term
| What is the usual cause of a tarsal fracture in the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common tarsal fracture that occurs in the horse? |
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Definition
-lateral malleollus
-slab fractures of central and third tarsal bone can occur in racehorses |
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Term
| How do we diagnose tarsal fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we treat tarsal fractures in the horse? |
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Definition
| -internal fixation usually |
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Term
| Where does tarsal luxation usually occur in the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of tarsal luxation? |
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Definition
-severe lameness
-0soft tissue swelling
-instability |
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Term
| How do we diagnose tarsal luxation? |
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Definition
-palpation
-rads: stressed DP view |
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Term
| How do we treat tarsal luxation? |
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Definition
-surgical arthrodesis of the distal joint
-full limb cast application: 3m
-conservative: strict stall confinement |
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Term
| What is the prognosis with equine tarsal luxations? |
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Definition
-distal joints: fair-good with internal fixtion
-TC joing: guarded
-concurrent fractures of the tarsal bb lower prognosis |
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Term
| What is the common name for calcaneoun bursitis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -local fluctuant swelling over point of hock b/n the SDFT and the skin |
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Term
| What usually causes calcaneoun bursitis? |
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Definition
| -direct trauma to the tuber calcanei or from the hrose kicking a solic object sucha s the stall or trailer wall |
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Term
| What usually causes lameness concerning a capped hock? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we diagnose calcaneon bursitis? |
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Definition
-history and clinical signs
-rads
-0US: may or may not communicatewith the true bursa |
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Term
| How do we treat calcaneoun bursitis in the horse? |
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Definition
-prevention of continued trauma
-small swellings may only be cosmetic
-systemic and topical anti-inflammatories
-drainage and injection of corticosteroids
-draining, infected masses may requirewound debridement and lavage |
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Term
| What is the prognosis for equine calcaneoun bursitis? |
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Definition
-good for small acute swellings
-large chronci swelling can be difficutl to resolve but most are cosmetic
-draining, infected masses carry a guarded prognosis |
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Term
| What commonly causes proximal physeal tibial fractures? |
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Definition
| -lateral kicking insult in foals |
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Term
| What commonly causes stress fractures in tibia? |
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Definition
| -heavily trained athletes |
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Term
| What commonly cuases diaphyseal tibial fractues? |
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Definition
| -external trauma to the loaded limb |
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Term
| What commonly causes tibial crest fractures? |
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Definition
| -jumping injury (direct trauma) |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of tibial fractures? |
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Definition
-acute lameness following stress
-NWB lameness-soft tissue swelling |
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Term
| How do we diagnose tibial fractures? |
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Definition
-rads
-nuclear scintigraphy |
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Term
| HOw do we treat tibial fractures? |
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Definition
-appropriate first aid
-stall confinement: stress andn non-displaced tibial crest fx
-internal fixation: proximal physeal, diaphyseal, displaced tibial crest fxx |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of tibial fractures in the hrose? |
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Definition
-foals = guarded
-adults = grave |
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Term
| What can cause a stay apparatus disruption? |
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Definition
-ruptures peronious tertius
-ruptered gastrocnemius m |
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Term
| What causes ruptured peronious tertius? |
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Definition
-over extensionof the hock while the stifle is held in flexion
-origin ruptures generally occur as avulsions in foals |
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Term
| What kind of ruptured peronious tertius in adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we diagnose ruptured peronious tertius? |
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Definition
-characteristic gait: when horse is walked the tarsus extends more than expected
-US |
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Term
| How do we treat ruptured peronious tertius? |
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Definition
-extended stall rest: 3+ months
-serial US |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of ruptured peronius tertius? |
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Definition
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Term
| In whch age group does ruptured gastroc m occur most frequently? |
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Definition
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Term
| What usually causes ruptured gastrocs? |
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Definition
-trauma or fatigue
-usually avulses from the cuadal femur rather than tendon rupture |
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Term
| How do we diagnose ruptured gastroc? |
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Definition
-tarsus collapses while stifle is still extended
-US |
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Term
| How do we treated a ruptured gastroc? |
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Definition
| -external coaptation for several weeks: tube cast or heave full limb splint bandage |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of ruptured gastroc? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is fibrotic myopathy? |
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Definition
-unilateral mechanical lameness characterized by a shortened cranial phase of stride where the foot abruptly slaps the ground most notably at the walk or trot
-does not respond to local analgesics |
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Term
| How do we diagnose fibrotic myopathy? |
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Definition
| -characteristic gait with palpable fibrosis |
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Term
| HOw do we treat fibrotic myopathy? |
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Definition
-transection or excision of the fibrotic mass
-tibial insertion tenotomy |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of fibrotic myopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -relfex hypertonia characterized by rapid flexion of hte hind limb(s) |
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Term
| What are the two subgroups of stringhalt? |
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Definition
-plant associated stringhalt
-idiopathic stringhalt |
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Term
| How do we diagnose stringhalt? |
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Definition
| -characteristic gait: picks foot waaaaay high off the ground q |
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Term
| How do we treat stringhalt? |
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Definition
-prevent ingestion fo the plant
-lateral digital extensor myotenectomy |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of strighalt? |
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Definition
-plant-associated = fair
-idiopathic = guarded |
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Term
| What does a stifle ligament injury look like? |
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Definition
-acute, moderate to severe lameness
-mild-moderate stifle effusion
-rad exam of the stifle may be normal or show chronic, degen changes |
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Term
| How do we diagnose stifle ligament injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we treat stifle ligament injury? |
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Definition
| -rest, rehab, and anti-nflammatories |
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Term
| What are the 4 possible stifle ligament injries? |
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Definition
-meniscal ligs
-cruciate ligs
-collateral ligs
-patellar ligs |
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Term
| What is the most common soft tissue injury in the stifle? Prognosis? |
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Definition
-meniscal ligament injruy
-fair prognosis |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of a cruciate ligament injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical cause of a medial collateral ligament injury? Prognosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of hrose most commonly gets patellar ligament desmitis? Prognosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is upward fixation of the patella? |
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Definition
-inabilit to release the passsive stay apparatus and replace the patella into the trochlear groove of the femur
-limb is fixed in extension
-inability of the quads to elevate the patella sufficiently |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of upward fixation fo the patella? |
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Definition
-history of locking
-femoropatellar effusion
-mild-mod lameness
-horses may present with persistent fixation, with the limb fixed in extension dragging behind |
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Term
| How do we treat upward fixation of the patella? |
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Definition
-training alterations
-patellar ligament blistering
-madial patellar ligament splitting
-medial patellar desmotomy |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of an upward fixation of the patella? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general cause of lateral patellar luxation in pony foals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of lateral patellar luxation? |
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Definition
| -characteristic crouched posture |
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Term
| How do we diagnose lateral patellar luxation? |
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Definition
-history and lcinical signs
-rads:skyline projection of the stifle |
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Term
| How do we treat lateral patellar luxation? |
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Definition
-lateral release with medial imbrication
-sulcoplasty |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of lateral patellar luxation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What age group of horses is most predisposed to femur fractures? Causes? |
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Definition
-young horses
-foals direct trauma from kick or being stepped on by the mare, injury occurred durng falls while halter breaking |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of femur fractures? |
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Definition
-distal and diaphyseal fractures: soft tissue swelling, NWB lameness
-proximal (capital physeal fractures): mod lameness |
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Term
| How do we diagnose femur fractures? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do we treat femur fractures? |
|
Definition
-foals: intternal fixation
-yearlings
-adults: euthanasia |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of femur fractures? |
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Definition
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