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Drugs Affecing Cardio. System
pages 1-12
35
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
02/13/2014

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Normal Blood Flow
Definition
  • deoxygenated blood enters vena cava
  • right atrium
  • tricuspid valve
  • right ventricle
  • pulmonic valve
  • pulmonary arteries
  • lungs
  • oxygenated blood to pulmonary veins 
  • left atrium
  • mitral valve
  • left ventricle
  • aortic valve
  • aorta
Term
Cardiovascular Sys. Fxn
Definition

Transportation

  • perfusion(blood to tissue)
  • provide oxygen to the tissue
  • transport nutrients to the tissue
  • remove wastes from the tissue
Term
Papillary Sphincters
Definition

control flow into capillaries

contain smooth musc.

  • alpha 1 receptors
Term
How the Body Vasoconstricts
Definition

sympathetic stimulation

  -receptors on precapillary arterioles

  -A1 stimulation causes peripheral vasoconstriction

Term
Na+/K+ ATP-ase Pump
Definition
"resting" phase: Na+ outside, K+ inside cell
Term
Depolarization
Definition

Na+ channels open, Na+ rushes in.

Inside of cell becomes more positive

Term

Plataeu Phase

Definition

-Slow channels remain open

-Ca2+ and Na+ continue to move into cell

Term
Repolarization
Definition

Na+ channels close, K+ channels open

K+ rushes out, leaving cell more negative

Term
Automaticity
Definition

-Cardiac cells dont need nerves to tell them to depolarize

-Naturally leaky cells

-Na+ slowly leaks in ->cell slowly becomes more + until it depolarizes

Term
Electrical Conduction
Definition

Sinoatrial node (SA) (right atrium)

Atrial depolarization

-pace maker

Term
AV Node
Definition

atrioventricular Node (Delay)

Bundle branches ->Purkinje fibers in apex

ventricular depolarization

Term
ECG
Definition

P Wave: atrial depolarization

QRS Complex: ventricular depolarization

T Wave: ventriclar repolarization

Term
Absolute Refractory Period
Definition

-Period when no matter how strong the stimulus, the cell cant depolarize again

-There is no resting potential

Term
Relative Refractory Period
Definition

Period when cell may depolarize again is there is a strong enough stimulus

ex) rat vs mouse on a trap

Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition

provides neural and hormonal stimuli wheich speed or slow the heart from its normal automatic rate

 

sympathetic or parasympathetic

Term
Sympathetic NS
Definition

-Speeds the heart through hormones

-Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. Receptors for these are called adrenergic receptors

 

Term
Parasympathetic NS
Definition

Slows the heart via neural influence

-vagus nerve

-neurotransmitter: ACh

Rest and restore system

Increases intestinal blood flow

Bronchi constriction

Term
B1 Receptors
Definition

in the heart

increase rate

increase strength of contraction

Term
B2 Receptors
Definition

-Located in smooth musc surrounding vessels in musc and terminal bronchioles in the lungs

-Causes smooth musc to relax. Vasodilation in musc. Bronchodilation

Term
A1 Receptors
Definition

-In smooth musc surrounding vessels in skin and GI tract

-Stimulation causes contraction->vasoconstriction

-shunts blood away

Term
Adrenergic Drugs
Definition

-Selectivity (decreases side effects)

ex) nonselective ß agonists: used to dilate bronchioles, can cause tachycardia. Epinephrine

nonselective ß antagonists: used to slow the heart, side effect is bronchoconstriction. Propranolol

 

Term
Sympathetic Antagonists
Definition

Adrenergic antagonists produce symptoms that look like parasympathetic signs

-slowing of the heart

-bronchoconstriction

Term
Parasympathetic Antagonists
Definition

Cholinergic antagonists produce symptoms that look like sympathetic signs

-speeds heart rate

-bronchodilation

Term
Problems with Valves
Definition

Mitral insufficiency- most common

Tricuspid insufficiency

Pulmonary stenosis

Aortic stenosis

Term
Mitral Insufficiency
Definition

-Blood leaks back from left ventricle to the left atrium

-Leads to hypertrophy of the left ventricle

-Systolic murmur heard on the left side

-Fairly common in small dogs, 80% by mid-teens

Term
Canine Heartworm Dz
Definition

coughing

exercise intolerance

weight loss

signs of right sided heart failure

Term
Right Heart Failure
Definition

Backlog of blood "upstream" from the right heart

-ascites: accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

-pleural effusion

-liver failure

Term
Cardiomyopathies
Definition

"sick heart muscle"

thick=hypertrophic

thin=dilated, floppy

Term
Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Definition

-Seen in giant breeds. boxers, dobermans

-Floppy heart ->decreaed contractility

-R or L heart failure signs

-cause unknown, exercise intolerance

Term
Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Definition

-Floppy heart

-Thin ventricular walls

-D.T. taurine deficiency


-Breathing difficulty

-Gallop rhythm-fast

Term
Canine Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Definition

Hypertrophied L ventricle w/o a visable inciting cause

-small lumen. continues to shrink

Uncommon in dogs

Term
Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Definition

Thick walled heart ->cant fill fully

^ heart rate, gallop rhythm

Primary- idiopathic

Secondary

-hyperthyroidism

-hypertension

-renal dz

Thromboemboli common

More common in cats vs dogs

Term
Traumatic Reticulopericarditis
Definition

Hardware Dz

Sharp metallic object injested ->rumen ->reticulum ->

penetrates into thorax ->penetrates pericardium ->

myocardium

Term
Traumatic Myocarditis
Definition

Mostly dogs

Heart musc. bruised

May lead to ectopic focus or VPC

Term
Congestive Heart Failure
Definition

Clinical syndrome

Clinical signs result from excess fluid retention

L-sided CHF: pulmonary edema

R-sided CHF:ascites, liver failure, pleural effusion

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