Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Dr. Nelson
Bone Tissue
55
Anatomy
12th Grade
03/05/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Types of Bones
Definition

short

long

flat

irregular

Term
cancellous (spongy bone)
Definition
Needle like Stuctures found within the epiphis (head) of a bone.
Term

Compact Bone

 

Definition
Dense calcified bone found in the diaphysis or "shaft" of the bone
Term

Diaphysis

 

Definition
Main shaft of a long bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition

Both ends (head) of a long bone.

made of cancellous bone

filled with marrow

Term
Function of Diaphysis
Definition
Strong support without too much weight
Term
Function of epiphysis
Definition
Provide attatchments for muscles and and give stability to joints
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition

Hyaline cartalage

it covers the atticular surface on the epiphysis

Term
Periosteum
Definition

Dense white fibers covering the bone

Attatchment site for tendons

Term
Medullary cavity
Definition

Hollow space in Diaphysis

Filled with yellow marrow in adults

 

Term
Endosteum
Definition
This epithelial membrane that lines medulllary cavity
Term
Short, flat, and irregular bones.
Definition

Inner is cancellous bone

Outer is compact bone

Inside is filled with RED marrow

Term
Bone tissue is recognized as what type of tissue?
Definition
Connective Tissue
Term

Bones strength is equal to what metal?

At what fraction of the weight?

Definition

Cast Iron: 1/3 weight

 

Term
Hydroxyapatite
Definition

calcium and phosphate crystalized

hardening the bone

Term
What other important elements are found in bone tissue?
Definition
Magnesium and sodium
Term
Osteons
Definition

Surrounds vertical canals in hard bone that deliver nutrience and remove waste from the bone.

[image]

Term
Four stuctures in the Osteon
Definition

Lamella

Lacunae

Canaliculi

Haversian canal

Term
Lamella
Definition
Cylinder-shaped layers of calcified matrix
Term
Lacunae
Definition
Small spaces containing tissue fluid where bone cells are found, in between hard layers of lemella
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
Teeny tiny canals connecting lacunae together linking them to the haversian canal
Term
Haversian Canal
Definition
Blood vessels and Lympatic vessels runing through the center of each osteon
Term
Trabeculae
Definition
In place of osteons in spongy bone
Term
Volkmans Canal
Definition
Links haversian canals together
Term
Osteogenic cells
Definition
cells that turn into osteoblasts. (stem cells)
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
bone forming cells in all bone surfaces
Term
osteoclasts
Definition

Big Cell

lots of nuclei

releases calcium

lots of mitochondria and lysosomes

Term
Osteocyte
Definition
mature, non-dividing osteoblast surrounded by matrix, lying within lacunae.
Term
Bone Marrow
Definition

Myeloid tissue

Produces Blood cells

within bone

Term
Red Marrow
Definition

Found in infant/childs bone

produces red blood cells

Term
Yellow Marrow
Definition
With aging, it becomes saturated with fat and cant produce anymore blood cells
Term
Function of bone
Definition

Support

Protection

Movement

Mineral Storage

Hematopoiesis

Term
Skeletal system serves as a store house for what percentage of calcium.
Definition
98%
Term
Osteoblast store calcium whereas...
Definition
Osteoclasts release calcium into blood stream
Term
Homeostasis of calcium ion concentration is essential for the following
Definition

Bone formation and repair

Blood clotting

Transmission of nerve impulses

Maintenance of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction

Term
Parathyroid hormone
Definition

Increases calcium levels

stimulates osteoclasts

stimulates Vit. D synth

MORE important

Term
Calcitonin
Definition

lowers calcium levels.

Protein hormone from the thyroid.

inhibits osteoclasts.

Less important.

Term
Osteogenesis
Definition
Development of bone from cartilage
Term
Intramembranous ossification
Definition

development of bone in one stage from connective, fibrous tissue

clavicle, flat bones in skull, ect...

Term
Endochondral ossification
Definition

Primary formation of bone

The process by which bones grow in length.

From epiphysis elongating into the diaphysis

Term
Epiphyseal Plate: The Four Layers
Definition

                      1. resting cartilage cells

                      2. Proliferation, zone of

                      3. Hypertrophy, zone of

                      4. Calcification, zone of

 

Term
Diameter of bone grows from:
Definition
combined action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
Term
In bones diameter growth, osteoclasts:
Definition
enlarge medullary cavity
Term
In bones diameter growth, osteoblasts:
Definition
build new bone on the surface of the bone
Term
When referring to bones, a callus is:
Definition
repair tissue that binds the broken ends of a fracture together
Term
Fracture Hematoma
Definition
Blood clots that form directly after a fracture
Term
What kind of connective tissue is cartilage?
Definition
Avascular
Term
Characteristics of cartilage
Definition

No canal system or blood vessels

Chondrocytes get nutrience via diffusion

Fibrous matrix

 

Term
Types of cartilage
Definition

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibro

Term
Hyaline cartilage
Definition

most common

can turn into bone

covers articular surfaces

forms bronchi in lungs, and tip of nose

Chondrocytes are isolated into lacunae

Term

Elastic cartilage

 

Definition

High nubers of elastic fibers

forms ear, eastachian tube, epiglottis

Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition

Found in pubis and intervertebral disks

less matrix and more fibers

Strong and rigid

Term
Endogenous cartilage growth
Definition

Matrix is made within, expanding what was alredy there

 

found in children

Term
Exogenous cartilage growth
Definition

Matrix is placed on the ouside of what is already there

 

found in adults

Supporting users have an ad free experience!