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Domain 10 - Physical and Environmental Security Terms
CISSP - Domain 10 - Physical and Environmental Security Terms - AIO v6
48
Computer Networking
Professional
11/26/2013

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Term
Ground
Definition
The pathway to the earth to enable excessive voltage to dissipate
Term
Noise
Definition
Electromagnetic or frequency interference that disrupts the power flow and can cause fluctuations
Term
Transient noise
Definition
A short duration of power line disruption
Term
Clean power
Definition
Electrical current that does not fluctuate
Term
EMI
Definition
Electromagnetic interference
Term
RFI
Definition
Radio frequency interference
Term
life safety
Definition
protecting human life is the first priority
Term
layered defense model
Definition
physical controls should work together in a tiered architecture
Term
collusion
Definition
two or more people work together to carry out fraudulent activity
Term
Performance based approach
Definition
To devise measurements and metrics to gauge the effectiveness of your countermeasures
Term
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Definition
a discipline that outlines how the proper design of a physical environment can reduce crime by directly affecting human behavior
Term
Target hardening
Definition
Focuses on denying access through physical and artificial barriers (alarms, locks, fences, and so on)
Term
Natural access control
Definition
the guidance of people entering and leaving a space by the placement of doors, fences, lighting, and even landscaping
Term
security zones
Definition
An environment’s space should be divided into zones with different security levels, depending upon who needs to be in that zone and the associated risk. The zones can be labeled as controlled, restricted, public, or sensitive.
Term
natural surveillance
Definition
to make criminals feel uncomfortable by providing many ways observers could potentially see them and to make all other people feel safe and comfortable by providing an open and well-designed environment.
Term
territorial reinforcement
Definition
creates physical designs that emphasize or extend the company’s physical sphere of influence so legitimate users feel a sense of ownership of that space
Term
light frame construction material
Definition
provides the least amount of protection against fire and forcible entry attempts. It is composed of untreated lumber that would be combustible during a fire
Term
Heavy timber construction material
Definition
commonly used for office buildings. Combustible lumber is still used in this type of construction, but there are requirements on the thickness and composition of the materials to provide more protection from fire
Term
incombustible material
Definition
such as steel, which provides a higher level of fire protection than the previously mentioned materials, but loses its strength under extreme temperatures, something that may cause the building to collapse
Term
fire-resistant material
Definition
the construction material is fire-retardant and may have steel rods encased inside of concrete walls and support beams. This provides the most protection against fire and forced entry attempts.
Term
mantrap
Definition
a small room with two doors. The first door is locked; a person is identified and authenticated by a security guard, biometric system, smart card reader, or swipe card reader. Once the person is authenticated and access is authorized, the first door opens and allows the person into the mantrap. The first door locks and the person is trapped. The person must be authenticated again before the second door unlocks and allows him into the facility.
Term
fail-safe
Definition
if a power disruption occurs that affects the automated locking system, the doors default to being unlocked
Term
fail-secure
Definition
the doors default to being locked if there are any problems with the power
Term
passive relocking
Definition
A safe can detect when someone attempts to tamper with it, in which case extra internal bolts will fall into place to ensure it cannot be compromised
Term
thermal relocking
Definition
when a certain temperature is met (possibly from drilling), an extra lock is implemented to ensure the valuables are properly protected.
Term
Online UPS systems
Definition
uses AC line voltage to charge a bank of batteries. When in use, the UPS has an inverter that changes the DC output from the batteries into the required AC form and that regulates the voltage as it powers computer devices.
Term
Standby UPS
Definition
stays inactive until a power line fails. The system has sensors that detect a power failure, and the load is switched to the battery pack.
Term
Spike
Definition
Momentary high voltage
Term
Surge
Definition
Prolonged high voltage
Term
Fault
Definition
Momentary power outage
Term
Blackout
Definition
Prolonged, complete loss of electric power
Term
Sag/dip
Definition
Momentary low-voltage condition, from one cycle to a few seconds
Term
Brownout
Definition
Prolonged power supply that is below normal voltage
Term
In-rush current
Definition
Initial surge of current required to start a load
Term
Positive Drains
Definition
their contents flow out instead of in
Term
Fire prevention
Definition
includes training employees on how to react properly when faced with a fire, supplying the right equipment and ensuring it is in working order, making sure there is an easily reachable fire suppression supply, and storing combustible elements in the proper manner.
Term
photoelectric device
Definition
detects the variation in light intensity. The detector produces a beam of light across a protected area, and if the beam is obstructed, the alarm sounds.
Term
plenum areas
Definition
the space above dropped ceilings, the space in wall cavities, and the space under raised floors.
Term
Cipher locks
Definition
also known as programmable locks, are keyless and use keypads to control access into an area or facility
Term
tension wrench
Definition
a tool shaped like an L and is used to apply tension to the internal cylinder of a lock.
Term
raking
Definition
To circumvent a pin tumbler lock, a lock pick is pushed to the back of the lock and quickly slid out while providing upward pressure. This movement makes many of the pins fall into place.
Term
Lock bumping
Definition
a tactic that intruders can use to force the pins in a tumbler lock to their open position by using a special key called a bump key.
Term
piggybacking
Definition
when an individual gains unauthorized access by using someone else’s legitimate credentials or access rights
Term
Electronic access control (EAC) tokens
Definition
a generic term used to describe proximity authentication devices, such as proximity readers, programmable locks, or biometric systems, which identify and authenticate users before allowing them entrance into physically controlled areas.
Term
Charged coupled devices (CCDs).
Definition
an electrical circuit that receives input light from the lens and converts it into an electronic signal, which is then displayed on the monitor.
Term
depth of field
Definition
refers to the portion of the environment that is in focus when shown on the monitor
Term
PTZ capabilities
Definition
pan, tilt, or zoom
Term
annunciator system
Definition
can either “listen” for noise and activate electrical devices, such as lights, sirens, or CCTV cameras, or detect movement. Instead of expecting a security guard to stare at a CCTV monitor for eight hours straight, the guard can carry out other activities and be alerted by an annunciator if movement is detected on a screen.
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