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| The pathway to the earth to enable excessive voltage to dissipate |
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| Electromagnetic or frequency interference that disrupts the power flow and can cause fluctuations |
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| A short duration of power line disruption |
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| Electrical current that does not fluctuate |
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| Electromagnetic interference |
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| Radio frequency interference |
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| protecting human life is the first priority |
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| physical controls should work together in a tiered architecture |
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| two or more people work together to carry out fraudulent activity |
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| Performance based approach |
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| To devise measurements and metrics to gauge the effectiveness of your countermeasures |
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| Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) |
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| a discipline that outlines how the proper design of a physical environment can reduce crime by directly affecting human behavior |
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| Focuses on denying access through physical and artificial barriers (alarms, locks, fences, and so on) |
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| the guidance of people entering and leaving a space by the placement of doors, fences, lighting, and even landscaping |
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| An environment’s space should be divided into zones with different security levels, depending upon who needs to be in that zone and the associated risk. The zones can be labeled as controlled, restricted, public, or sensitive. |
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| to make criminals feel uncomfortable by providing many ways observers could potentially see them and to make all other people feel safe and comfortable by providing an open and well-designed environment. |
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| territorial reinforcement |
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| creates physical designs that emphasize or extend the company’s physical sphere of influence so legitimate users feel a sense of ownership of that space |
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| light frame construction material |
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| provides the least amount of protection against fire and forcible entry attempts. It is composed of untreated lumber that would be combustible during a fire |
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| Heavy timber construction material |
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| commonly used for office buildings. Combustible lumber is still used in this type of construction, but there are requirements on the thickness and composition of the materials to provide more protection from fire |
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| such as steel, which provides a higher level of fire protection than the previously mentioned materials, but loses its strength under extreme temperatures, something that may cause the building to collapse |
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| the construction material is fire-retardant and may have steel rods encased inside of concrete walls and support beams. This provides the most protection against fire and forced entry attempts. |
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| a small room with two doors. The first door is locked; a person is identified and authenticated by a security guard, biometric system, smart card reader, or swipe card reader. Once the person is authenticated and access is authorized, the first door opens and allows the person into the mantrap. The first door locks and the person is trapped. The person must be authenticated again before the second door unlocks and allows him into the facility. |
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| if a power disruption occurs that affects the automated locking system, the doors default to being unlocked |
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| the doors default to being locked if there are any problems with the power |
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| A safe can detect when someone attempts to tamper with it, in which case extra internal bolts will fall into place to ensure it cannot be compromised |
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| when a certain temperature is met (possibly from drilling), an extra lock is implemented to ensure the valuables are properly protected. |
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| uses AC line voltage to charge a bank of batteries. When in use, the UPS has an inverter that changes the DC output from the batteries into the required AC form and that regulates the voltage as it powers computer devices. |
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| stays inactive until a power line fails. The system has sensors that detect a power failure, and the load is switched to the battery pack. |
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| Prolonged, complete loss of electric power |
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| Momentary low-voltage condition, from one cycle to a few seconds |
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| Prolonged power supply that is below normal voltage |
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| Initial surge of current required to start a load |
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| their contents flow out instead of in |
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| includes training employees on how to react properly when faced with a fire, supplying the right equipment and ensuring it is in working order, making sure there is an easily reachable fire suppression supply, and storing combustible elements in the proper manner. |
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| detects the variation in light intensity. The detector produces a beam of light across a protected area, and if the beam is obstructed, the alarm sounds. |
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| the space above dropped ceilings, the space in wall cavities, and the space under raised floors. |
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| also known as programmable locks, are keyless and use keypads to control access into an area or facility |
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| a tool shaped like an L and is used to apply tension to the internal cylinder of a lock. |
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| To circumvent a pin tumbler lock, a lock pick is pushed to the back of the lock and quickly slid out while providing upward pressure. This movement makes many of the pins fall into place. |
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| a tactic that intruders can use to force the pins in a tumbler lock to their open position by using a special key called a bump key. |
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| when an individual gains unauthorized access by using someone else’s legitimate credentials or access rights |
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| Electronic access control (EAC) tokens |
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| a generic term used to describe proximity authentication devices, such as proximity readers, programmable locks, or biometric systems, which identify and authenticate users before allowing them entrance into physically controlled areas. |
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| Charged coupled devices (CCDs). |
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| an electrical circuit that receives input light from the lens and converts it into an electronic signal, which is then displayed on the monitor. |
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| refers to the portion of the environment that is in focus when shown on the monitor |
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| can either “listen” for noise and activate electrical devices, such as lights, sirens, or CCTV cameras, or detect movement. Instead of expecting a security guard to stare at a CCTV monitor for eight hours straight, the guard can carry out other activities and be alerted by an annunciator if movement is detected on a screen. |
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