TCP breaks data into manageable packets and tracks information such as source and destination of packets.

It is able to reroute packets and is responsible for guaranteed delivery of the data.

This is a connectionless protocol, which means that a session is not created before sending data.

IP is responsible for addressing and routing of packets between computers. It does not guarantee delivery and does not give acknowledgement of packets that are lost or sent out of order as this is the responsibility of higher layer protocols such as TCP.

Used to reliably send and receive mail over the Internet.

(TCP - port 25)

File transfer protocol is used for transferring files between remote systems.

Must resolve host name to IP address to establish communication. It is connection oriented (i.e. verifies that packets reach destination).

Same as FTP but not connection oriented.

Provides IP-address to MAC address resolution for IP packets.

Each computer stores an ARP cache of other computers ARP-IP combinations.

Post Office Protocol. A POP3 mail server holds mail until the workstation is ready to receive it.

(TCP 110)

Like POP3, Internet Message Access Protocol is a standard protocol for accessing e-mail from your local server.

IMAP (the latest version is IMAP4) is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you by your Internet server.

(TCP 143)

Provides a virtual terminal or remote login across the network that is connection-based. The remote server must be running a Telnet service for clients to connect.

(TCP 23)

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.

It is the protocol controlling the transfer and addressing of HTTP requests and responses.

(TCP 80)

Signifies that a web page is using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol and is providing a secure connection.

This is used for secure internet business transactions.

(TCP 443)

Network Time Protocol is a protocol that is used to synchronize computer clock times in a network of computers.

(TCP 123)

Simple Network Management Protocol is used for monitoring and status information on a network.

The SNMPv2 standard includes enhancements to the SNMPv1 SMI-specific data types, such as including bit strings, network addresses, and counters.

In SNMPv3 security was addressed. Because all of the trap information sent was in clear text.

(UDP 161)

Session Initiation Protocol is a signaling protocol, widely used for controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls over Internet Protocol (IP).

The protocol can be used for creating, modifying and terminating two-party (unicast) or multiparty (multicast) sessions consisting of one or several media streams. The modification can involve changing addresses or ports, inviting more participants, adding or deleting media streams, etc.

Real-time Transport Protocol is the audio and video protocol standard used to deliver content over the Internet.

RTP is used in conjunction with other protocols such as H.323 and RTSP.

Internet Group Management Protocol is used to manage Internet Protocol multicast groups.

IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers use IGMP to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is only needed for IPv4 networks, as multicast is handled differently in IPv6 networks.

Transport Layer Security is a cryptographic protocol that provides security for communications over networks such as the Internet.

TLS and SSL encrypt the segments of network connections at the Transport Layer end-to-end.