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Dixie State Anatomy 2320
Aponte-Kline Final exam
289
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2011

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Cards

Term
Define artery vs. vein
Definition
Artery is a vessel where oxygenated blood flows from heart to organ
Vein is a vessel where DEoxygenated blood flows from organ to heart.
Term
What is dangerous under pterion?
Definition
The meningeal artery which supplies dural covering of the brain
Term
Which race has the largest maxilla?
Definition
African decent
Term
mandibular nerve and accessory meningeal artery runs through this opening...
Definition
FORAMEN OVALE
Term
mandibular nerve, and middle meneingeal artery and vein run through this opening
Definition
foramen spinosum
Term
What info can be learned from fontanelles?
Definition
Growing process
Any cranial malfomrations
Existance of intercranial pressure
Level of hydration
Term
What age can you no longer palpate the anterior fontanelle?
Definition
By 18 mos of age the bones are fused
Term
By what age does the posterior fontanelle begin to close? By what age is it fused?
Definition
Begins to close in first few months of life. It is fused by 1 year of age
Term
name the scalp layers
Definition
Skin
Term
Define hydrocephalus
Definition
buildup of fluid inside the skull
Term
Describe myelin
Definition
fatty substance that covers and protects nerves, a layered tissue with a sheath that acts as electrical conduit
Term

The thick bone under the scalp contains prominent veins called... They drain deoxygentated blood into a cavern with deoxygenated blood from the brain called the...

Definition

Diploic veins

Superior sagittal sinus

Term
The veins that drain the blood are located between what connective tissue layers?
Definition
Dura mater
Term
Describe aneurysm
Definition
bulging, weak area of an artery that supplied blood tot he brain
Term
Describe subdural hematoma and identify what type of vessel is bleeding
Definition
a collection of blood below the dura mater....it is from a vessel carrying deoxygenated blood/ a vein
Term
Define epidural hematoma, and indentfy what vessel is bleeding
Definition
blood accumulates BETWEEN dura mater and skull, caused by tearing of an artery
Term
Describe subarachnoid hemorrhage, and what kind of vessel is bleeding
Definition
bleeding in the area between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater (subarachnoid space). The bleeding is from a cerebral artery
Term
Describe cerebrospinal fluid
Definition
similar composition to blood but less protein. it is a clear, protective, nourishing fluid
Term
what causes whit matter to be white?
Definition
myelin
Term
This allows left and right cerebral cortices to communicate
Definition
corpus callosum
Term
Thalmus
Definition
a relay station between the brain and spinal cord
Term
Pons
Definition
allows 2 sides of cerebellum to communicate
Term
anterior and posterior commisures
Definition
allows communication between olfactory and oculomotor nerves
Term
anterior commisure relates to what nerve and affects what?
Definition
olfcatory nerve, sense of smell
Term
posterior commissures relate to what nerve and affect what?
Definition
oculomtor and coordinates eye movement
Term
Pineal gland plays what role
Definition
affects daily cycle...circadian rhytm
Term
superior colliculus does what
Definition
coordinates head and neck responses to visual cues
Term
inferior colliculus
Definition
coordinates head and neck responses to auditory cues
Term
Hypothalmus
Definition
links nervous system to endocrine system via pituitary gland
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
autonomic functions such as breathing, blood pressure and heart rate
Term
Pituitary
Definition
secretes hormones regulating homestasis such as TSH,FSH,oxytocin etc etc
Term
Fornix
Definition
carries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies and septal nuclei, "C" shaped bundle of axons/fibers
Term
Brainstem is made up of...
Definition
midbrain, pons and medulla
Term
midbrain is where?
Definition
junction of the middle and posterior cranial fosse
Term
what cranial nerves are related to the midbrain
Definition
CN3 oculomotor
CN4 Trochlear
Term
Hippocampus located?
Function?
Definition
Located inside medial temporal lobe of cerebral cortex, part of forebrain

belongs to limbic system affects short term and spatial navigation
Term
where is CSF produced?
Definition
ventricles of the brain
Term
area of brain important in information processing
Definition
the surface of the brain/grey matter
Term
where is "thinking" occuring?
Definition
the surface or "cortex" of your brain
Term
This area is involved in muscle coordination and some simple types of memeory
Definition
Cerebellar cortex
Term
The ridges of cortex on the brain
Definition
gyri/gyrus
Term
the valleys on the brain
Definition
sulci/sulcus
Term
the very deep valleys on the brain
Definition
fissures
Term
a stroke on the right side of the brain will effect what side of the body?
Definition
the left
Term
a stroke on the right side of the brain will effect what side of the body?
Definition
the left
Term
area known as the "motor strip"
Definition
pre-central gyrus
Term
area known as the "motor strip"
Definition
pre-central gyrus
Term
area known as the sensory strip
Definition
post-central gyrus
Term
a TOUCH on your left arm will cause what area in the brain to fire?
Definition
cause neurons on your RIGHT post-central gyrus to fire
Term
a TOUCH on your left arm will cause what area in the brain to fire?
Definition
cause neurons on your RIGHT post-central gyrus to fire
Term
heschl's gyrus receives?
Definition
auditory input
Term
wernicke's area does what?
Definition
decodes language
Term
Broca's area affects?
Definition
speech
Term
where is heschl's located
Definition
anterior, transverse temporal lobe aka the primary auditory area
Term
Where is Brocas?
Definition
Inferior third frontal lobe
Term
Where is Wernicke's
Definition
posterior, superior temporal lobe
Term
a lesion i wernicke's will affect??
Definition
ability to understand and produce meaningful speech....wrnicke;s aphasia
Term
job of arcuate fasciculus
Definition
transfers info
Term
meningitis
Definition
bacterial infection of memebranes covering brain and spinal cord (meninges)
Term
meningitis
Definition
bacterial infection of memebranes covering brain and spinal cord (meninges)
Term
alzheimers disease
Definition
affects amygdala and hippocampus where nerve cells degenerate and die causung memeory deficit and poor cognitive skills, it is progressive and fatal
Term
parkinsons disease
Definition
progressive disorder on nervous system that affects movement...genetic and envirnomental factors
Term
cerebral palsy
Definition
condition that involces brain and nervous system functions (movement, learning, hearing,sight,thinking) caused by brain injury/abnormality or hypoxia
Term
huntingtons disease
Definition
genetic disorder from defect on chromososme #4, certain nerve cells in brain degenerate affects ability to think, move and talk. lose 25% of brain cells before death
Term
epilepsy
Definition
brain disorder that involves repeated, spontaneous seizures
Term
multiple sclerosis
Definition
progressive autoimmune disorder that affects CNS caused by damage to the myelin sheath
Term
hemiplegis
Definition
paralysis of one side of body
Term
aphasia
Definition
no speech
Term
describe hippocampus
Definition
deep in forebrain helps regulate emotion and memeory
Term
what is affected by lesion i Brocas area?
Definition
causes no fluent aphasia or expressive aphasia (can speak but not properly articulate or form words)
Term
wernicke's lesion
Definition
fluent aphasia or receptive sensory aphasia (cannot understand spoken or written communication, speaks but incoherent)
Term
What happens when right optioc nerve is gone?

causes?
Definition
Monocular blindness of right eye

Diabetes,trauma, optic neuritis
Term
lesion in optic chiasm, effect?
Definition
Effect is Bitemporal hemianopsia, no peripheral vision
Term
lesion right optic tract or right occipital lobe lesion
Definition
left homonomous hemianospia
Term
supplies medial surfaces of cerebral cortex and foot of humunculus
Definition
the anterior cerebral arteries
Term
supplies lateral surface of each cortex and most of sensory and motor homunculi and language areas
Definition
Middle cerebral arteries
Term
supplies posterior an inferior of each cortex
Definition
posterior cerebral arteries
Term
major arteries that supply blood to arteries of brain
Definition
inteernal carotids and vertebral arteries
Term
where is limbic system?
Definition
sorrounds thalmus
Term
whats in limbic system and what do they do?
Definition
hippocampus- learning and memeory

amygdalla- emotion and memeory

cingulate gyrus- emotion,memory and executive function and respiratory control
Term
what muscles extend the leg
Definition
quadriceps-rectus femoris,vastus lateralis,medius and intermedius
Term
where is quadriceps insertion point?
Definition
on patella through patellar tendon
Term
the patelar ligament attaches what 2 structures?
Definition
the patella to the tibia
Term
major leg adductors?
Definition
gracilis,adductor longus,adductor brevis and adductor magnus
Term
describe groin pull
Definition
any of the 5 adductor muscles teAr or rupture
Term
which tendons may ossify in equestrians?
Definition
patellar tendon
Term
the great saphenous vein comes off
Definition
femoral vein
Term
what artery pierces adductor magnus
Definition
deep femoral
Term
what muscles does the lesser saphenous vein run through?
Definition
between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscles
Term
Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera
Actions (2): Adducts and flexes thigh
Definition
Adductor group
Term
Origin: Femur, anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity
Actions (2): Flexes thigh and extends leg
Definition
Quadriceps femoris group
Term
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia and fibula
Action (2): Extends thigh and flexes leg
Definition
Hamstring group
Term
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibia
Definition
Sartorius
Term
Gluteus medius
Definition
Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Term
Gluteus maximus
Definition
Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Term
Iliopsoas
Definition
Origin: Ilium, lumbar vertebra
Insertion: Lesser trochanter
Term
what makes up acetabulum
Definition
pubis,illium,ischium
Term
describe the terrible triad
Definition
inury to anterior cruciate ligament, medial cruciate ligament and medial meniscus
Term
common skiing movement that may break the ACL
Definition
jumping
Term
what muscles makeup the triceps surae
Definition
lateral head of gastrocnemius
soleus muscle
medial head of gastrocnemius
Term
What vessels in popliteal fossa?
Definition
popliteal vein and artery and termination of small saphenous vein
Term
what makes up the achilles tendon?
Definition
it is the plantaris,soleus and gastrocnemius muscles attached to the calcaneous
Term
describe vericose veins
Definition
leaky valves that allow blood to accumulate
Term
list gluteal muscles superior to inferior
Definition
Tensor fascia lata
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformia
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris
Term
describie sciatica
Definition
sciatic nerve being compressed by piriformis muscle causing pain in buttocks
Term
what tendon is attached to calcanous
Definition
soleus and gastrocnemius
Term
structures anterior to medial malleolus
Definition
TENDON OF TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Term
STRUCTURES PosTERIOR TO MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
(Tom
Dick
Harry)
Definition
T ibialis psoterior
flexor Digitorum longus
flexoe Hallucis Longus
Term
tendons of muscles near lateral melleolus?
(what bone are they near of leg?)
Definition
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
Term
term for big toe
Definition
hallux
Term
contraction of what quadrant causes dorsiflexion?
Definition
I& II
Term
ctx of what quads cause eversion?
Definition
II & III
Term
ctx of what quads cause plantarfelxion?
Definition
III & IV
Term
ctx of what quads cause inversion
Definition
I & IV
Term
path of vessels of lower extremity
Definition
common iliac a/v becomes external iliac a/v but gives off internal iliac a/v
external iliac becomes femoral after passing inguinal ligament
it gives off deep femoral passes post to adductor longus muscle
femoral vessels go through adductor hiatus and become popliteal which goes posterior to patella and bifurcates to anterior tibial which passes anterior to interosseus memebrane between tibia and fibula where it becomes dorsalis pedis at ankle joint
the other portion of popliteal bifurcated into posterior tibial a/v and runs posterior to posterior tibialis muscle and terminates deep to flexor retinaculum
Term
origin of what muscle cause shin splints?
Definition
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Term
Lower anterior leg muscles from lateral to medial
Definition
peroneus brevis
peroneus longus
extensor hallicus longus
extensor digitorum longus
tibialis anterior THEN TO POSTERIOR

soleus
lateral gastrocnemius
medial gastrocnemius
Term
name the erector spinae lateral to medial
Definition
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
Term
facial muscle resp for kissing
Definition
orbicularis oris
Term
muscle resp for squinting
Definition
orbicularis oculi
Term
muscle that wrinkles forehead
Definition
frontalis
Term
muscle that helps you smile/lifts upper lip
Definition
levator labii suprioris
Term
muscles that make you smile big
Definition
zygomaticus major n minor
Term
cause frown
Definition
depressor anguli oris
Term
folds back corners of mouth
Definition
risorius
Term
makes u wiggle ears
Definition
post ant and sup auricular
Term
big wide muscle on neck
Definition
platysma
Term
whicxh arteries must not be injected by dentist
Definition
inferior alveoli and maxiallary
Term
terminal branches off external carotid
Definition
maxillary,superficial temporal arteries
Term
arteries that supply blood to head
Definition
common carotids
Term
large veins that drain used blood back to the heart (in head,neck, shoulders)
Definition
internal jugular veins
Term
layers on the neck
Definition
skin
superifical fascia
muscle
deep fascia
Term
neck structures (bones and conective tissues) superior to inferior
Definition
hyoid bone
thyroid memebrane
thyroid cartilaGE
cricothyroid membrane
cricoid cartilage
thyroid gland
Term
where can emergency trach be perofmed?
Definition
cricothyroidotomy at the cricothyroid
Term
function of thyroid and parathyroid glands
Definition
thyroid-regulates metabolism
parathyroid-effects calcium absorption
Term
function of thyroid and parathyroid glands
Definition
thyroid-regulates metabolism
parathyroid-effects calcium absorption
Term
name of 1st vertebra
what is different from it vs other vertebra?
Definition
atlas
it has no body or spinous process.
Term
cervical vertebra #2 is also called what?
What is specific about it?
Definition
the Axis
It has a protuberance called the odontoid process or the dens
Term
this structure proects laterally from the vertebra and connects muscles and ligaments
Definition
transverse process
Term
this slender projection from the posterior vertebra is what muscle and ligaments are attached to
Definition
spinous process
Term
when the gel in IV disks center comes out and places pressure on peripheral nerves
Definition
herniated IV disk
Term
sciatica
Definition
pain in low back and hip, radiates back of thigh into leg
Term
most problematic human vertebra, and why?
Definition
lumbar region , it bears most weight
Term
which joint allows nodding
Definition
atlanto-occipital between C1 and occipital bone
Term
what allows shaking head no?
Definition
atlanto-axial joint
Term
vertebral column is curved or deviated laterally
Definition
scoliosis
Term
lumbar curvature is bigger than normal, pelvis offten tilted forward
Definition
lordosis
Term
kyphosis
Definition
curvature of thoracic vertebra (often in the elderly)
Term
Eye rotation by oblique muscles
(Hint: I Love S&M)
Definition
Inferior Oblique=Lateral eye rotation
Superior Oblique= Medial eye rotation
Term
hat are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
(Hint: SITS) superior to inferior order
Definition
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis
Term
What is tpn?
Definition
total parenteral nutrition
venous nutrition placed in subclavian vein
Term
heart failure commonly swells which neck vein?
Definition
EJV external jugular vein
Term
where are bp receptors found? what do they do?
Definition
baroreceptors react to blood pressure change they are found in carotid arteries and the aortic arch
Term
where are bp receptors found? what do they do?
Definition
baroreceptors react to blood pressure change they are found in carotid arteries and the aortic arch
Term
where are bp receptors found? what do they do?
Definition
baroreceptors react to blood pressure change they are found in carotid arteries and the aortic arch
Term
a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of o2 in the blood
Definition
carotid body
Term
DESCRIBE A GOITER
Definition
ENLARGED THYROID FROM LACK OF IODINE OR POORLY FUNCTIONING THYROID
Term
4 major shoulder muscles
Definition
deltoid
biceps brachii
triceps brachii
pec major and teres major (posterior)
Term
major function of rotator cuff is to hold head of what bone into what other structure?
Definition
head of humerus into glenoid fossa
Term
bones of pectoral girdle?
Definition
scapula
humerus
clavicle
Term
2 large processes on scapula?
Definition
coracoid and acromion
Term
the attachment point that DOES move?
Definition
insertion
Term
describe a pulled elbow
Definition
aka nursemaids elbow
a dislocation of the radial head
Term
fracture where end of bone protrudes through the skin
treatment?
Definition
open fracture aka compound fracture

surgical treatment by open reduction-using traction pull bones apart and put in pins
Term
fracture that does not protrude through skin
Definition
closed or simple fracture
Term
fracture where bone fragments at impact site, often small fragments between bones
Definition
comminuted fracture
Term
fracture where one end of bone is forcefully driven into interior of another bone 9affects ligaments, tendons and muscles)
Definition
impacted fracture
Term
fracture of distal radius often from breaking a fall
Definition
colles fracture
Term
partial fracture where one part of bone is broken and another part is only bent

common in what population, why?
Definition
greenstick fracture

kids because their bones are not ossified
Term
connects muscle to bone
Definition
tendon
Term
connects bone to bone
Definition
ligament
Term
name and describe fibrous joint
Definition
immovable...skull sutures
Term
describe and name example of cartilagenous joint
Definition
slight movement

symphysis pubis
Term
describe and give example of synovial
joint

name the 3 types
Definition
moves freely

3 types are pivot, ball and socket
and gliding, hinge

hip
wrists
elbow or knee
Term
define joint capsule
Definition
fibrous layer containing synovial fluid that sorrounds joints
Term
define bursa
Definition
a fluid filled cavity that reduces friction at moveable parts of body
Term
define tendon sheath
Definition
layer of memebrane around a tendon
Term
define luxation
Definition
joint dislocation, complete loss of contact between ends of bone that form joint
Term
define subluxation
Definition
incomplete dislocation
Term
what does double jointed mean?
Definition
having hypermobility of joints
Term
3 muscles attached to coracoid process
Definition
coracobrachialis (attache)
biceps brachii short head (attach)
pec minor (insert)
Term
pec minor O and I
Definition
o= 3rd to 5th ribs
I= coracoid process of scapula
Term
deltoid O and I
Definition
O- Front 1/3 of clavicle,border of the acromion, and lower edge of the spine of scapula

I- Deltoideus tubercle on the middle outer surface of the humerus
Term
subclavian and axillary arteries what is their path, what do they give off?
Definition
aortic arch to
brachiocephalic artery becomes subclavian
it gives off
common carotid artery,vertebral and internal thoracic then at first rib becomes axillary artery which gives off
thoracoacromial and
humeral circumflex (circles humerus)
axillary becomes brachial artery (after pass teres major/just above armpit)
brachial gives profunda brachii (posterior,deep to humerus)
brachial bifurcates into
radial and ulnar arteries.
Ulnar gives off common interosseus artery which gives off anterior and posterior interosseus arteries.
Ulnar artery also give off deep palmar arch then suprficial palmar arch
Term
roots of brachial plexus are between which 2 muscles?
Definition
anterior and medius scalene
Term
up to which vertebra do the nerves exit on TOP of vertebra?
Definition
exit on top up to C8 then C8 exits on top of T1 and T1 nerve exits underneath T1 vertebra
Term
what is crutch palsy, what nerve is affected?
Definition
extensor muscle weakness (radial nerve)
Term
what injury? weak pronation,tingling, weak thumb and affects median nerve?
Definition
Carpell tunnel syndrome
Term
what is Erb;s palsy?
Definition
top of pleaxus damaged, waiter's tip position
Term
bottom of plexus damage, claw hand, difficult to flex wrist and digits....what injury and what nerve affected?
Definition
Erb's palsy also (ulnar nerve)
Term
what nerve innervates pec major and minor?
Definition
medial pectoral nerve
Term
what nerve innercates ONLY pec minor?
Definition
lateral pectoral nerve
Term
artery that accompanies superficial arm veins
Definition
brachial
Term
what is the pattern of the superficial arm veins?
Definition
the axillary vein gives off the cephalic vein then the brachial artery then
turns into the basilic vein.
The median cubital vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins together and typically becomes the median cubital vein
Term
which vein in arm is best fro drawing blood?
Definition
median cubital vein
Term
describe a dislocated shoulder injury
Definition
happens when their is injury to the joint between humerus and scapula (glenohumeral joint) mahor symptom is loss of roundness of delotid and arm held to side away from body, forearm pointing outward
Term
describe SEPERATED shoulder injury
Definition
the joint between acromion and clavicle is disrupted (acromioclavicular joint)
usually from trauma to shoulder or fall on outstreched hand.
symptoms: severe pain at trauma
Term
define a strain and tissue type involved
Definition
stretching or tearing of MUSCLE
Term
define sprain and tissue type involved
Definition
stretching or tearing of LIGAMENT
Term
which of the elbow flexors is best at flexing when pronated?
Definition
biceps brachii
Term
what are 3 elbow flexors?
Definition
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
Term
what are the superfcial anterior forearm FLEXOR muscles from medial to lateral?
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris O:med epi I:pisiform
palmaris longus O:med epi I:flex retinac
flexor carpi radialis O:med epi I:2nd metacarpal
Term
nearly all arm flexors originate where?
Definition
medial epicondlye of the humerus
Term
nearly all extensors have their origin where?
Definition
lateral epicondlye of humerus
Term
radius rotator muscles superior to inferior
Definition
SUPINATOR O:lateral epicondlye of humerus I: proximal 1/3 of radius
PRONATOR TERES: O:Medial epicondyle of humerus and medial coronoid of ulna
I:mid lateral surface of radius
PRONATOR QUADRATUS O:distal 1/4 of ulna
I:distal 1/4 of anterior radius
Term
only muscle that attaches to the ulna at one end and radius at the other
Definition
pronator quadratus
Term
what are the 3 deep flexors of anterior forearm?medial to lateral?
Definition
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicus longus
Term
posterior arm muscles superior to inferior
Definition
supraspinatus
infraspuinatues
triceps brachii long head, medial head, lateral head
Term
attaches carpi ulnaris tendon to digits
Definition
palmar aponeurosis
Term
3 flexors under wrist flexors?
name them/action superficial to deep
Definition
FLEXOR DIGIT SUPERFICIALIS/flex proximal and medial phalanges and wrist when fingers extended
FLEXOR POLLICUS LONGUS/flex distal phalanx of thumb and other joints to wrist
FLEXOR DIGIT PROFUNDUS/flex interphalageal IP joints and wrist when fingers extended
Term
3 flexors under wrist flexors?
name them/action superficial to deep
Definition
FLEXOR DIGIT SUPERFICIALIS/flex proximal and medial phalanges and wrist when fingers extended
FLEXOR POLLICUS LONGUS/flex distal phalanx of thumb and other joints to wrist
FLEXOR DIGIT PROFUNDUS/flex interphalageal IP joints and wrist when fingers extended
Term
what is the problem with tennis elbow?
Definition
inflammation of lateral epicondyle
Term
whats an avulsion?
Definition
a tear
Term
describe exact avulsion that causes mallet finger
Definition
extensor tendon is cut or torn from attachment to distal finger
Term
what is in the anatomical snuffbox?
Definition
tendons of abductor pollicus longus
extensor pollicus longus and brevis
Term
what tendons are in carpal tunnel?nerve?
Definition
9 flexor tendons and the nerve is the median
Term
what is treatment for CTS?
Definition
compression is released by surgical division of flexor retinaculum
Term
muscles used for inspiration
Definition
external intercostala
Term
muscles used for expiration
Definition
internal intercostals
Term
what is thoracis outlet syndrome? what artery involved?
Definition
positional, intermittent compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian vein and verterbral artery
Term
differentiate rib seperation vs dislocation
Definition
RIB SEPERATION is dislocation of area between rib and its costal cartilage (costocondral junction)
RIB DISLOCATION is the displacemnt of costal cartilage from the sternum
Term
define angina
Definition
chest pain from the heart not getting enough o2
Term
define sternotomy
Definition
when sternum is spread for access to thoracic cavity for sugery
Term
how many vertebrosternal ribs?
Definition
7
Term
how many vertebrochondral ribs?
Definition
3
Term
how many vertebral ribs?
Definition
2
Term
vertebrae,skull,hyoid,ribs and sternum is what skeleton?
Definition
axial
Term
the appendicular skeleton consists of?
Definition
clavicle,scapula,arm bones, leg bones, and pelvis
Term
describe spinal tap
Definition
withdrawal of CSF from lumbar cistern for tests of cns disorders. puncture between L3andL4 or L4andL5
Term
describe epidural anesthesia
Definition
anesthetic agent injected into epidural space
Term
shingles
Definition
a herpes zoster infection causes skin lesion caused from having chix pox virus that laid dormant in body
Term
describe cauda equina
Definition
atrands of nerves that descend to join their spinal nerves
Term
breast mainly consists of
Definition
glands,fibrous tissue,embedded in fatty matrix w/ blood vessels,lymphatics and nerves
Term
define metastasis
Definition
dispersal of cancer cells to different parts of body
Term
describe late stage breast cancer appearance
Definition
breast elevates when muscles contracts because cancer cells invade retromamary space of pec fascia
Term
describe supernumerary nipples
Definition
aka polymastia
a rudimentary extra nipple may appear to be a mole until it changes pigment during pregnancy
Term
what does primary lung fissure do? other name?
Definition
oblique
seperates upper and lower lobes
Term
what does se3condary fissure do? name?
Definition
horizontal fissure
seperates upper and middle lobes
Term
which lung has 3 lobes?
Definition
right
Term
which lung has lingula?
Definition
left
Term
covering immediately on top of lung (touches it)
Definition
Visceral pleura
Term
connective tissue covering that is stuck to interior chest wall
Definition
parietal pleura
Term
space between visceral and parietal pleura
Definition
pleural cavity
Term
define pneumothorax
Definition
air in pleural cavity
Term
levels of
Definition
Term
levels of bronchi
Definition
primary-secondary-tertiary-terminal bronchioles-respiratory bronchiles-alveolar ducts-alveolar sacs
Term
define pleuritis or pleurisy
Definition
bacteria or virus irritates pleural cavity causes fluid increase
Term
legal test for stillborn infant
Definition
hydrostatic or Raygat test (float the lungs of dead infant to dtermine if they took a breath afterbirth)
Term
define aspiration...which lung?
Definition
when food or foreign body enters and lodges into lung.
usually right bronchus
Term
define aspiration...which lung?
Definition
when food or foreign body enters and lodges into lung.
usually right bronchus
Term
disease that is constriction of bronchi
Definition
asthma
Term
what are pain sensing neurons around lungs?
Definition
pulmonary plexus
Term
danger of broken rib?
Definition
that fractured rib will tear visceral pleura and lung causing pneumothorax
Term
what is first branch of artery off aorta
Definition
coronary arteries
Term
connective tissue on heart
Definition
visceral layer of serrous pericardium
Term
outermost layer of connective tissue in pericardium
Definition
fibrous
Term
functions of lymph
Definition
drain excess interstitia; fluid from tissue spaces
transport lipids and lipid soluble vitamins from GI tract to blood
protect against invasion throuhg immune system responses
Term
lymph nodes contain
Definition
B cells
T cells
fat
fluid
Term
where does thoracic duct empty into? what vein?
Definition
Left subclavian
Term
where does right lymphatic duct dump into?
Definition
RIGHT subclavian
Term
drains head and neck (trunnks)
Definition
jugular trunks
Term
drains arms
Definition
subclavian trunks
Term
bronchomediastinal trunk drains what part of body?
Definition
thorax
Term
drains legs,pelvis?
Definition
lumbar trunks
Term
what is cisterna chyli? where is it? function?
Definition
dilated lymph node that marks beginning of thoracic duct
Term
define lymphangitis
Definition
secondary inflammation of lymph vessles causes red streaking on skin . happens when lymph system transports chemical or bacteria after injury or infection
Term
define lymphadenitis
Definition
infection of lymph nodes
Term
define lymphedema and cause
Definition
edema that occurs when lymph doesnt drain from area of body..often caused when a lymph node is surgically removed but still trying to drain
Term
define stenosis
Definition
narrowing
Term
define deep vein thrombosis
Definition
blood clot in deep vein ususally of leg, caused by trauma
Term
define pulmonary embolism
Definition
when clot travels to lung
Term
adult name for foramen ovale...purpose as fetus
Definition
fossa ovalis (it allowed blood to flow from right to left atrium as fetus)
Term
adult name for ductus arteriosus (purpose)
Definition
ligamentum arteriosum/the one in pulmonary trunk
Term
adult name for umbilical vein/puprose
Definition
ligamentum teres hepatis/attached to liver and carried fully oxygenated fetal blood
Term
adult name for ductus venosus
Definition
ligamentum venosum/shunted blood from umbilical vein to IVC
Term
adult name for umbilical artery
Definition
medial umbilical ligaments
Term
in the heart the azygos vein empties into"
Definition
SVC
Term
what areas supplied by celiac trunk
Definition
spleen
stomach
pancreas
liver
Term
what artery supplies:
small intestine
cecum
right colic flexure,transvers colon
Definition
superior mesenteric artery
Term
inferior mesenteric artery supplies:
Definition
left colic flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon, rectum
Term
gonadal artery and vein comes off:
Definition
renal vein and IVC
Term
superior mesenteric drain into?
Definition
hepatic portal
Term
inferior mesenteric dumps into?
Definition
splenic vein then hepatic portal
Term
when blood leaves liver in drains into?
Definition
IVC
Term
what 3 vessels forms hepatic portal?`
Definition
superior and inferior mesneteric and splenic veins
Term
3 layers of uterus
Definition
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
Term
ovarian artery comes off what vessel
Definition
aorta
Term
what 2 female arteries come off internal iliac?
Definition
uterine and vaginal arteries
Term
wheere does fertilization occur
Definition
infandibulum
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