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Divisions of the Skeletal System/Types of Bones
description
11
Anatomy
12th Grade
12/05/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
# of bones in an adult human skeleton
Definition

206 named bones

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Term
skeletons of children and infants have more or less bones than the adult skeleton?
Definition
their skeletons have more than 206 bones because they fuse later in life
Term
2 divisions of skeletal system
Definition
  1. axial skeleton
  2. appendicular skeleton

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Term
axial skeleton
Definition

80 bones

they lie around the longitudinal axis of the human body

skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, and bones of the vertebral column

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Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition

126 bones

upper and lower limbs (extremities), bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton

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Term
types of bones
Definition
  1. long
  2. short
  3. flat
  4. irregular
  5. sesamoid

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Term
sesamoid bones
Definition

 

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-develop in certain tendons where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress, such as the palms and soles
-may vary in number from person to person

-are not always completely
ossified

-typically measure only a few millimeters

-notable exceptions are the two patellae (kneecaps),
large sesamoid bones
-functionally, sesamoid bones protect tendons from excessive
wear and tear, and they often change the direction of pull of a
tendon, which improves the mechanical advantage at a joint 

Term
long bones
Definition

 -have greater length than width, consist of a shaft and a variable number of extremities, and are slightly curved for strength
-A curved bone absorbs the stress of the body’s weight at several different points, so that it is evenly distributed

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Term
short bones
Definition

-somewhat cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length and width

-consist of spongy bone tissue except at the surface, which has a thin layer of compact bone tissue.
Examples: carpal (wrist) bones, and the tarsal (ankle) bones

Term
flat bones
Definition

-somewhat cube-shaped and are nearly equal in length and width 

-they consist of spongy bone tissue except at the surface, which has a thin layer of compact bone tissue
Examples of short bones are the carpal (wrist) bones (except for
the pisiform, which is a sesamoid bone) and the tarsal (ankle)
bones (except for the calcaneus or heel bone, which is an irregular
bone).

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