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Diseases Mid-Term2
All the diseases from lectures 9-18
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/13/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anencephaly
Definition

-only the brain stem forms

-1 in 1000 births 

Term
Spina Bifida
Definition

Incomplete formation of verterbral arches

-3 in 2000 births 

Term
Multiple Sclerosis
Definition

-autoimmune disease

-Patches of myelin in brain and spinal chord are destroyed

-1 in 1000 people affected

-Symptoms: blindness, weakness, clumsiness 

Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition

-excessive CSF

-Can result from either obstruction or problem with the arachnoid villi

-can be treated by inserting ventriculoperitoneal shunt 

Term
Alzheimer's Disease
Definition

-progressive degenerative disease

-results in dementia

-between 5% and 15% of people over the age of 65 develop this disease.

-symptoms: memory loss, depression, disorientation

-APP- senile plaques 

Term

Pituitary Dwarfism

Pituitary Gigantism

Acromegaly 

Definition

-Hyposecretion of GH in children

-Hypersecretion of GH in children

-Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood

(after epiphyseal plates have closed) 

Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition

Excessive TH production

Grave's disease: loss of thyroid feed back control 

Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition
decreased production of TH
Term
Endemic Goiter
Definition
Dietary iodine deficiency
Term
Cushings Syndrome
Definition

-hypersecretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol)

-signs'symptoms: re-distributed body obesity, "moon face" "buffalo hump" kidney stones, skin becomes fragile and thin 

Term
Addison Disease
Definition

-hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and sometimes mineral corticoids (aldosterone)

-symptoms: weight loss, general fatigue, skin darkening 

Term

Diabetes Mellitus

Type I 

Definition

-absent of diminished production and release of insulin by pancreatic islets cells

-"insulin dependant"

-Develops suddenly 

Term

Diabetes Mellitus

Type II 

Definition

-Decreased insulin release or decreased insulin effectiveness

-"insulin independant"

-Develops slowly 

Term
Gestational Diabetes
Definition

-Diabetes that develops during pregnancy

-Increases the risk of development of Type II later in life. 

Term
Polycythemia
Definition

Too many erythrocytes in the blood

Causes increase in viscosity, increasing strain on the heart. 

Term
Sickle Cell Disease
Definition

autosomal recessive disease

sickle shaped cells that are unable to easily flow through the vessels, more prone to destruction 

Term

Leukocytosis

Leukopenia 

Definition

above normal WBC count

Below average WBC count 

Term
Leukemia
Definition

-Cancer in the leukocyte forming cells

-uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes

-cancer cells take over bone marrow and slow the production of normal cells 

Term
Thrombocytopenia
Definition

-abnormally low concentration of platelets in blood

-Diminished clot formation and internal bleeding

-Results from: damage to bone marrow, chemotherapy, leukemia, over active spleen 

Term
Hemophilia
Definition
inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a tendenct to hemorrhage uncontrollably because of a defect in the blood coagulating mechanism
Term

Heart Failure

Progressive weakening of the heart 

Definition
weakened ventricles, failure of ventricles to empty completely, overfilling of the ventricles, congestive heart failure
Term

Heart Failure

Congestive Heart failure 

Definition

heart enlarges greatly, pumping efficiency progressively declines

-Causes unknown 

Term
Atherosclerosis (one)
Definition

Progressive disease of the elastic and muscular arteries.

Aorta and coronary arteries most affected

1.Damage to intima

2.Injured tissue releases growth factors

3. Sequesters and oxidizes LDL's

4.Attracts monocytes to the area

5.Monocytes migrate beneath intima

6.Monocytes--> macrophages

7.other molecules congregate--> plaques 

Term
Atherosclerosis (two)
Definition

Treatments and prevention

-angioplasty                 

-Stents                        

-Coronary bypass surgery

 Best treatment is prevention

-maintain a healthy diet/cholesterol

-Don't Smoke                               

-Monitor your blood pressure          

Term
Lymphoma
Definition

-Malignant neoplasm that develops from lymphatic stuructures

-Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes in the groin or axillary region

-Grouped into two categories: Hodgkin's or Non 

Term
Hodgkin's disease 
Definition

Malignancy of the lymph nodes

Presence of Reed-Sternburg cell

If caught early the prognosis is good 

Term
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Definition
Develop in lymphatic structures
Term
Lymphedema
Definition

-accumulation of interstitial fluid, usually caused by obstruction

-Lymphatic filariasis:type of edema where worms are lodged in the lymphatic system

-in extreme cases called elephantiasis

-Common in Southeast asia and africa

-No cure, but can be controlled 

Term
AIDS
Definition

-passed through intimate contact with infected fluids

-Targets helper T-cells, which oversee immune response

-HIV diagnosed as AIDS when helper T-cell count is bellow 200 cells/mm^3

-Drug cocktail can stop disease from progressing but must be taken for entire life 

Term
Shingles
Definition

-during initial infection the chickenpox virus sometimes leave the skin and invade the posterior root ganglia of the spinal chord

-virus remains latent untill adulthood

-rash and scaly, painful blisters (usually confined to one or two dermatomes) 

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