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Disease Treatment Endo and Renal
Drugs for each illness
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/20/2015

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Cards

Term
Hypertension
Heart failure - good to give diabetics (preserves renal function)
Definition
Enalapril (pril)

ACE Inhibitor
NOT WITH K+ supplements, K+ sparing diuretics
Term
Hypertension

Patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors
Diabetic nephropathy
Avoid in pregnancy
Definition
Isosartan (sartans)

Angiotensin receptor blocker
Term
Hypertension - NOT first line

Angina, post MCI, arrhythmias
NOT in diabetes or asthma
Definition
Propanolol

Beta blocker
NOT WITH: Ca channel blocker (verapamil)
Term
Hypertension

Angina, tachyarrhythmias
NOT heart failure
Definition
Verapamil

Ca channel blocker
NOT WITH: beta blockers (propanolol)
Term
Hypertension
NOT in gout, diabetes, or hypercholesteraemia
Definition
Chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide

Thiazide diuretics

NOT WITH: Digoxin
Term
Heart failure
NOT in gout
Definition
Frusemide

Loop diuretics
NOT WITH: Aminoglycosides (antibiotics), digoxin, warfarin, ACE inhibitors
Term
Hypertension - most effective combination
Definition
ACE inhibitor or Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
PLUS
Ca channel blocker
Term
Hypertension - most effective combination
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan

PLUS
Verapamil
Term
Hypertension
Particularly with heart failure or stroke
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan

PLUS
chlorothiazide
Term
Hypertension
Recommended post MI or in people with heart failure
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan

AND
propanolol
Term
Hypertension
Particularly with coronary heart disease
Definition
Propanolol
PLUS
nifedipine
Term
Hypertension
NOT diabetes, metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance)
Definition
Chlorothiazide
PLUS
Propanolol
Term
Hypertension - not best combo
Definition
Chlorothiazide
PLUS
Verapamil
Term
Hypertension
- for those at risk of hyperkalaemia
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan

PLUS
spironolactone
or
amioloride/triamterene
Term
Hypertension - for those at risk of heart block
Definition
Verapamil
PLUS
Propanolol
Term
Acute renal failure, localised oedema (not generalised), raised intracranial pressure, glaucoma
Definition
Mannitol

Osmotic diuretic
Term
Localised oedema (not generalised), glaucoma
Definition
Acetazolamide

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Term
Pulmonary oedema, CHF, liver cirrhosis, renal failure (hypertension), drug overdose
In combo with thiazides or K+ sparing diuretics
Definition
Frusemide

Loop diuretics
NOT WITH: Aminoglycosides (antibiotics), digoxin, warfarin, ACE inhibitors
Term
One of the most efficacious diuretics
Definition
Frusemide

Loop diuretics
NOT WITH: Aminoglycosides (antibiotics), digoxin, warfarin, ACE inhibitors
Term
Oedema from mild-mod CHF, renal or hepatic disease, moderate hypertension, diabetes insipidus
Definition
Chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide

Thiazide diuretics
NOT WITH: Digoxin, oral hypoglycaemic agents
Term
Hyperaldosteronism; Often used with thiazides or loop diuretics to prevent hypokalaemia, resistant hypertension, CHF
Definition
Spironolactone

Aldosterone receptor antagonist
(K+ sparring diuretic)
NOT WITH: K+ sparing diuretics, K+ supplements, ACE inhibitors
Term
Often used with thiazides or loop diuretics to prevent hypokalaemia, hypertension (additive to thiazides)
Definition
Amiloride, triamterene

Na+ channel blockers
(K+ sparing diuretics)
NOT WITH: Spironolactone, K+ supplements
Term
Hyperthyroidism - symptomatic treatment (tachycardia, arrhythmia, angina, tremor, agitation)
Definition
Propanolol

Beta blocker
NOT WITH: Ca channel blockers (verapamil)
Term
Hyperthyroidism - prolonged, or short term before surgery
Definition
Carbimazole

Thionamide
Term
Hyperthyroidism - Grave’s disease
Definition
Carbimazole

Thionamide
Term
Hyperthyroidism - short term, thyrotoxic crisis, prep for thyroidectomy
Definition
Iodine/iodide supplement
Term
Hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma
Definition
Radioactive iodine
Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition
T4 (thyroxine)
Term
Hypothyroidism
Definition
T3 (triiodothyronine)
Term
Medicines that may weaken bones
Definition
Glucocorticoids (prednisolone), thyroid hormone, heparin, antiepileptic drugs, glitazones, aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole)
Term
Osteoporosis - preventative treatment
Definition
Calcitriol (vit D)
Term
Osteoporosis - not generally recommended for use to prevent bone loss or fractures
Definition
Hormone replacement therapy
Term
Osteoporosis - beneficial effects on bone without effect on other tissues
Definition
Raloxifene

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
Term
Osteoporosis - 1st line management for postmenopausal osteoporosis
Definition
Alendronate

Bisphosphate

NOT WITH - Glucocorticoids - increased risk of atypical fractures
Term
Osteoporosis - when bisphosphates unsuitable
Definition
Densumab

Monoclonal antibody against RANKL
Term
Osteoporosis - low efficacy
Definition
Calcitonin
Term
Osteoporosis - when high risk of fracture or other treatments unsuitable
Definition
Teriparatide

PTH/PTH fragments, bone anabolic agent
Term
Diabetes - immediately before a meal
Definition
Insulin lispro, insulin aspart

Ultra short acting insulin
Term
Diabetes - IV in hyperglycaemic emergency, or before a meal
Definition
Soluble insulin (neutral)

Short acting insulin
Term
Diabetes - combine with short acting and give twice a day (mimic basal release)
Definition
Isophane

Intermediate acting insulin
Term
Diabetes - give at breakfast with short-acting given at meals (mimic basal release)
Definition
Ultralente

Long acting insulin
Term
Diabetes - first choice (unless renal problems)
Definition
Metformin

Insulin sensitiser
Term
Diabetes - less efficacious than metformin or sulphonureas
Definition
Thiazolidinediones

TZDs/glitazones
Insulin sensitiser
Term
Diabetes - useful in early stages of diabetes
Definition
Glicazide

Sulphonylureas
Insulin secretion
Term
Diabetes - may be used in patients with allergy to sulphonylureas
Definition
Repaglinide

Glitinides
Insulin secretion
Term
Diabetes - useful when postprandial BG remains high despite dietary mods
Definition
Acarbose
a-glucosidase inhibitors

Oral hypoglycaemic agent
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