Term
condyloma lata= syphilis
condyloma acuminata= HPV/veneral warts |
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Definition
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Term
| HPV strains that cause benign warts: |
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Definition
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Term
| HPV strains that are malignant: |
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Definition
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Term
| why would you not give someone the measles vaccine? |
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Definition
| - impaired T-cell immunity |
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Term
| A genital lesion panel detects: |
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Definition
- Gonorrhea
- Herpes
- Chlamydia |
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Term
| What you would see with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) cytology: |
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Definition
| HSV: Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies |
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Term
| What would you see on viral cytology of measles? |
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Definition
| Measles: multinucleated giant cells |
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Term
| What would you see on cytology of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)? |
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Definition
| CMV: enlarged pneumocytes with nuclear owl-eye inclusions aka large haloed intranuclear inclusions |
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Term
| multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions: |
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Definition
| HSV or varicella zoster virus |
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Term
| AIDs patients and organ transplant recipients are likely to get what opportunistic viral infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 subgroups of Herpesviruses: |
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Definition
- alpha group: HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, infect epithelial cells and latently infect neurons
- lymphotropic beta group: CMV, infects many cell types
- gamma group: EBV, KSHV/HHV-8, the cause of Karposi sarcoma, produce latent infection in lymphoid cells |
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Term
| CMV latently infects ___ and their __ __ __ cells and can be reactivated when immunity is depressed. In healthy person, CMV is asymptomatic or causes mono-like infection. In neonates and immunocompromised it is very bad. |
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Definition
- monocytes
- bone marrow progenitor cells |
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Term
| transmission of CMV to baby can occur the following ways: |
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Definition
- transplacental transmission = congenital CMV
- cervical or vaginal secretions during birth
- through breast milk |
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Term
| IgG reference interval for CMV: |
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Definition
less than 0.9 index= negative CMV
0.9-1.0= equivocal
greater than 1.0= positive for CMV
The reference intervals are same for IgM. |
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Term
| diagnosis of recent CMV infection: |
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Definition
- look or IgM antibodies
OR
- 4fold increase in IgG titer over 4 week period is presumptive evidence of recent CMV infection |
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Term
| 2 equivocal results of CMV IgM (between 0.9 and 1.0) means what? |
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Definition
| absence of resent infection |
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Term
| urine cytology to look for inclusion bodies and PCR can also be used for CMV dx. |
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Definition
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Term
| adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, malaise, pharyngitis. Peripheral blood smear shows reactive-T lymphocytes: |
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Definition
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Term
| EBV is a herpes virus that infects __ __. Blood smear shows __ __ __. |
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Definition
- infects B lymphocytes
- shows reactive T lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
- detects IgM heterophile antibodies
- not EBV specific antibodies
- antibodies recognize sheep, horse, beef erythrocytes
QUALITATIVE TEST |
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Term
| serology test for EBV specific antibodies: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of hepatitis is spread by fecal-oral route, contaminated water and foods, especially shellfish? It is self-limiting and not associated with development of cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of hepatitis has parenteral or sexual transmission and can cross the placenta? It can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| marker of infection of Hepatitis B: |
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Definition
- Hep B surface antigen= HBsAg
HBsAg is one of first markers that appears with infection. If is sticks around for more than 6 months= chronic hep. B. |
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Term
| what does it mean if person has antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBS)? |
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Definition
- recovered from Hep B a
- vaccinated |
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Term
| Early serological markers to become detectable in Hep. B infection? |
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Definition
- HBsAg
- IgM anti-HBc (antibody to core)
ANTI-HBC (ANTIBODY TO CORE) IS DIAGNOSTIC OF ACUTE HEP B INECTION
hepB core antigen is NOT part of serological markers, just antibody to core |
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Term
| what does the presence of HBeAg mean? |
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Definition
- also detectable in acute Hep. B infection
- indicates viral replication and increased infectivity
(anti-HBcAg is most helpful, HBeAg may not always be around with acute infection) |
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Term
| As resolution of acute Hep B infection occurs, IgM anti-HBc is replaced by ______ and ___ ___ develops. ___ is a protective neutralizing antibody that indicates recovery from acute infection and immunity from re-infection. |
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Definition
- IgG anti-HBc
- Anti-HBs
- AntiHBs= recovery and immunity |
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Term
| The only serologic marker of infection during the window period is: |
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Definition
IgM anti-HBc
(because in window period all HBsAg has been neutralized by anti-HBs so neither of these are detectable) |
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Term
| ___ remains detectable throughout life, but ___ may be undetectable in remote infection. |
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Definition
IgG Anti-HBc
anti-HBs may become undetectable in remote infection |
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Term
| what type of individuals give false-positive tests for hepatitis B surface antigen? |
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Definition
- transfused individuals
- hemophiliacs |
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Term
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Definition
| - persistence of circulating HBsAg 6 months or longer without clinically apparent disease |
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Term
| What type of Hepatitis is aka "posttransfusion hepatitis", can be parenterally or sexually transmitted, and is associated with cirrhosis and liver cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| HPV leads to what type of cancer? |
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Definition
| - squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix |
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Term
| Malignant HPVs ___ into host chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - koilocytic cells: enlarged nucleus with intracytoplasmic halo |
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Term
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Definition
- primary/metastatic neoplasms
- herpes virus genital infections
- candida
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- CMV
- actinomyces
- cervovaginal endometriosis
- HPV
- lymphogranuloma venereum |
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Term
| HPV high risk DNA detection: |
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Definition
- used on patients with abnormal Pap test
- qualitatively detects 13 different types of high risk HPVs without differentiation of which type
- nucleic acid amplification |
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Term
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Definition
- used to confirm HPV infection
- determine HPV type
- detects 20 types of HPV but can only identify type of 9 |
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Term
| HPV biopsy in situ hybridization: |
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Definition
- detection and type determination of HPV sequences in biopsys
- distinguishes b/w high and low risk |
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Term
| Only one HPV test in USA but can only be used after Pap test is inconclusive or as a co-test with a pap- can be performed on same specimen collected for a liquid based pap test like thin-prep |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| red intranuclear inclusions in giant cells |
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Term
| small white spots seen inside cheeks early in course in mealses: |
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Definition
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Term
| family of viruses that causes influenza: |
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Definition
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Term
| antigenic drift is due to ___. |
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Definition
| mutations> sporadic outbreaks, limited epidemics |
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Term
| most important protein for developing protection from influenza: |
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Definition
| - HA proteins, though NA also play a role |
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Term
| Antigenic SHIFT is due to ___. |
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Definition
| - reassortment> in case of influenza A antigenic shift occurs> "new" HA/NA> little immunity> EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS |
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Term
| leading viral pathogen associated with childhood acute respiratory tract illness requiring hospitalization? |
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Definition
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
(starts as upper respiratory tract disease> rhinorrhea, congestion, fever, lower respiratory tract disease, cough, wheezing> life threatening respiratory failure and cyanosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Respiratory virus profile PCR detects: |
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Definition
- influenza A
- influenza B
- RSV A
- RSV B
- parainfluenza 1
- parainfluenza 2
- parainfluenza 3
- rhinovirus
- metapneumovirus
- adenovirus |
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Term
| elevated serum amylase occurs with what virus? |
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Definition
| Mumps- can lead to meningitis and orchitis (infertility) |
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Term
| Poliomyelitis is spread by: |
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Definition
- fecal-oral route
- swimming pools
leads to widespread paralysis and necessitates breathing help with iron lungs |
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Term
- formalin killed preparation of normal wild type polio virus
- causes humoral immunity and prevents transport of virus into neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| Live attenuated polio virus vaccine, caused humoral and cell-mediated immunity, no longer given b/c back mutation occured causing polio. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HIV diagnostic/confirmation test: |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common VIRAL cause of diarrhea/gastroenteritis: |
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Definition
Rotavirus
most common in winter and spring months
virus passes in stool of infected persons before and after they have symptoms of the illness |
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Term
| 3 most common causes of VIRAL meningitis: |
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Definition
- Enterovirus
- Herpesviruses
- HIV |
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Term
| 2 types of enteroviruses that account for half of the cases of asceptic meningitis: |
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Definition
Coxsackieviruses
Echoviruses |
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Term
| enteroviruses spread by : |
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Definition
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Term
| Adenoviruses associated with: |
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Definition
- childhood rhinitis
- sore throat
- conjunctivitis
- epidemic keratoconjivitis (pink eye) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| virus that causes common cold: |
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Definition
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Term
| viral meningitis is spread: |
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Definition
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Term
| risk factors for viral meningitis: |
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Definition
- exposure to children in day care
- health care worker
- immunocompromised
- exposure to someone with viral infection |
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Term
| virus that causes rabies: |
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Definition
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Term
| Rabies histopathology will show: |
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Definition
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Term
| most useful diagnostic tool for rabies: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Steeple sign- uniform narrowing of subglottic airway |
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Term
| barking cough and inspiratory stridor: |
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Definition
| croup caused by parainluenza virus |
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Term
| Epiglottis can result in older children with this virus. They will have high fever, stridor, dysphagia, drooling. Often sitting leaning foward with mouth open and tongue sticking out. What virus causes this? |
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Definition
| - Parainfluenza virus> croup |
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Term
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Definition
Spongiform Encephalopathies:
- Creutzfield Jakob Disease
- New-variant Creutzfield Jakob disease
- Kuru |
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Term
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Definition
- autopsy
- canabilism
(no transmission to fetus, milk, or sex) |
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Term
| The prion disease that occurs sporadically caused by spontaneous transformation of normal prion proteins to abnormal ones. Genetic link and acquired by infections. |
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Definition
Creutzfield-Jakob disease (CJD)
can also be transmitted via transplants (corneal transplants, dura mater transplants, use of improperly sterilized equipment in neurosurgery, human cadaver growth hormone administration) |
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Term
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy causes __ __ in cows and ___ __ __ __ __ in humans. |
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Definition
Mad cow
New Variant Creutzfield Jakob Disease |
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Term
| what would you see on autopsy of VCJD? |
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Definition
- amyloid plaques with hyaline eusinophilic core
- peripheral margin of radiating fibrils surrouned by pale halo |
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