Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Disease Final Viruses
virus review
79
Anatomy
Graduate
05/08/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
condyloma lata= syphilis

condyloma acuminata= HPV/veneral warts
Definition
Term
HPV strains that cause benign warts:
Definition
HPV 6 and 11
Term
HPV strains that are malignant:
Definition
HPV 16 and 18
Term
why would you not give someone the measles vaccine?
Definition
- impaired T-cell immunity
Term
A genital lesion panel detects:
Definition
- Gonorrhea
- Herpes
- Chlamydia
Term
What you would see with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) cytology:
Definition
HSV: Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies
Term
What would you see on viral cytology of measles?
Definition
Measles: multinucleated giant cells
Term
What would you see on cytology of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
Definition
CMV: enlarged pneumocytes with nuclear owl-eye inclusions aka large haloed intranuclear inclusions
Term
multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions:
Definition
HSV or varicella zoster virus
Term
AIDs patients and organ transplant recipients are likely to get what opportunistic viral infection?
Definition
Cytomegalovirus
Term
3 subgroups of Herpesviruses:
Definition
- alpha group: HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, infect epithelial cells and latently infect neurons
- lymphotropic beta group: CMV, infects many cell types
- gamma group: EBV, KSHV/HHV-8, the cause of Karposi sarcoma, produce latent infection in lymphoid cells
Term
CMV latently infects ___ and their __ __ __ cells and can be reactivated when immunity is depressed. In healthy person, CMV is asymptomatic or causes mono-like infection. In neonates and immunocompromised it is very bad.
Definition
- monocytes
- bone marrow progenitor cells
Term
transmission of CMV to baby can occur the following ways:
Definition
- transplacental transmission = congenital CMV
- cervical or vaginal secretions during birth
- through breast milk
Term
IgG reference interval for CMV:
Definition
less than 0.9 index= negative CMV

0.9-1.0= equivocal

greater than 1.0= positive for CMV

The reference intervals are same for IgM.
Term
diagnosis of recent CMV infection:
Definition
- look or IgM antibodies
OR
- 4fold increase in IgG titer over 4 week period is presumptive evidence of recent CMV infection
Term
2 equivocal results of CMV IgM (between 0.9 and 1.0) means what?
Definition
absence of resent infection
Term
urine cytology to look for inclusion bodies and PCR can also be used for CMV dx.
Definition
Term
adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, malaise, pharyngitis. Peripheral blood smear shows reactive-T lymphocytes:
Definition
Infectious mononucleosis
Term
EBV is a herpes virus that infects __ __. Blood smear shows __ __ __.
Definition
- infects B lymphocytes
- shows reactive T lymphocytes
Term
Monospot test:
Definition
- detects IgM heterophile antibodies
- not EBV specific antibodies
- antibodies recognize sheep, horse, beef erythrocytes

QUALITATIVE TEST
Term
serology test for EBV specific antibodies:
Definition
ELISA
Term
Hep A incubation period:
Definition
2-6 weeks
Term
Hep B incubation period:
Definition
1-6 months
Term
Hep C incubation period:
Definition
0.5-6 months
Term
What type of hepatitis is spread by fecal-oral route, contaminated water and foods, especially shellfish? It is self-limiting and not associated with development of cancer?
Definition
Hepatitis A
Term
What type of hepatitis has parenteral or sexual transmission and can cross the placenta? It can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Definition
Hepatitis B
Term
marker of infection of Hepatitis B:
Definition
- Hep B surface antigen= HBsAg

HBsAg is one of first markers that appears with infection. If is sticks around for more than 6 months= chronic hep. B.
Term
what does it mean if person has antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBS)?
Definition
- recovered from Hep B a
- vaccinated
Term
Early serological markers to become detectable in Hep. B infection?
Definition
- HBsAg
- IgM anti-HBc (antibody to core)

ANTI-HBC (ANTIBODY TO CORE) IS DIAGNOSTIC OF ACUTE HEP B INECTION

hepB core antigen is NOT part of serological markers, just antibody to core
Term
what does the presence of HBeAg mean?
Definition
- also detectable in acute Hep. B infection
- indicates viral replication and increased infectivity

(anti-HBcAg is most helpful, HBeAg may not always be around with acute infection)
Term
As resolution of acute Hep B infection occurs, IgM anti-HBc is replaced by ______ and ___ ___ develops. ___ is a protective neutralizing antibody that indicates recovery from acute infection and immunity from re-infection.
Definition
- IgG anti-HBc
- Anti-HBs
- AntiHBs= recovery and immunity
Term
The only serologic marker of infection during the window period is:
Definition
IgM anti-HBc

(because in window period all HBsAg has been neutralized by anti-HBs so neither of these are detectable)
Term
___ remains detectable throughout life, but ___ may be undetectable in remote infection.
Definition
IgG Anti-HBc

anti-HBs may become undetectable in remote infection
Term
what type of individuals give false-positive tests for hepatitis B surface antigen?
Definition
- transfused individuals
- hemophiliacs
Term
HBV carrier:
Definition
- persistence of circulating HBsAg 6 months or longer without clinically apparent disease
Term
What type of Hepatitis is aka "posttransfusion hepatitis", can be parenterally or sexually transmitted, and is associated with cirrhosis and liver cancer?
Definition
Hepatitis C
Term
HPV leads to what type of cancer?
Definition
- squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
Term
Malignant HPVs ___ into host chromosomes.
Definition
integrate
Term
HPV cytology:
Definition
- koilocytic cells: enlarged nucleus with intracytoplasmic halo
Term
PAP smear can diagnose:
Definition
- primary/metastatic neoplasms
- herpes virus genital infections
- candida
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- CMV
- actinomyces
- cervovaginal endometriosis
- HPV
- lymphogranuloma venereum
Term
HPV high risk DNA detection:
Definition
- used on patients with abnormal Pap test
- qualitatively detects 13 different types of high risk HPVs without differentiation of which type
- nucleic acid amplification
Term
HPV PCR:
Definition
- used to confirm HPV infection
- determine HPV type
- detects 20 types of HPV but can only identify type of 9
Term
HPV biopsy in situ hybridization:
Definition
- detection and type determination of HPV sequences in biopsys
- distinguishes b/w high and low risk
Term
Only one HPV test in USA but can only be used after Pap test is inconclusive or as a co-test with a pap- can be performed on same specimen collected for a liquid based pap test like thin-prep
Definition
Term
Measles cytology:
Definition
red intranuclear inclusions in giant cells
Term
small white spots seen inside cheeks early in course in mealses:
Definition
Koplik spots
Term
family of viruses that causes influenza:
Definition
orthomyxoviruses
Term
antigenic drift is due to ___.
Definition
mutations> sporadic outbreaks, limited epidemics
Term
most important protein for developing protection from influenza:
Definition
- HA proteins, though NA also play a role
Term
Antigenic SHIFT is due to ___.
Definition
- reassortment> in case of influenza A antigenic shift occurs> "new" HA/NA> little immunity> EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS
Term
leading viral pathogen associated with childhood acute respiratory tract illness requiring hospitalization?
Definition
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

(starts as upper respiratory tract disease> rhinorrhea, congestion, fever, lower respiratory tract disease, cough, wheezing> life threatening respiratory failure and cyanosis
Term
rapid Dx of RSV:
Definition
immunoassay or DFA
Term
Respiratory virus profile PCR detects:
Definition
- influenza A
- influenza B
- RSV A
- RSV B
- parainfluenza 1
- parainfluenza 2
- parainfluenza 3
- rhinovirus
- metapneumovirus
- adenovirus
Term
elevated serum amylase occurs with what virus?
Definition
Mumps- can lead to meningitis and orchitis (infertility)
Term
Poliomyelitis is spread by:
Definition
- fecal-oral route
- swimming pools

leads to widespread paralysis and necessitates breathing help with iron lungs
Term
- formalin killed preparation of normal wild type polio virus
- causes humoral immunity and prevents transport of virus into neurons
Definition
Jonas Salk Vaccine
Term
Live attenuated polio virus vaccine, caused humoral and cell-mediated immunity, no longer given b/c back mutation occured causing polio.
Definition
Sabin vaccine
Term
HIV screening test:
Definition
ELISA
Term
HIV diagnostic/confirmation test:
Definition
Western Blot
Term
Most common VIRAL cause of diarrhea/gastroenteritis:
Definition
Rotavirus

most common in winter and spring months
virus passes in stool of infected persons before and after they have symptoms of the illness
Term
3 most common causes of VIRAL meningitis:
Definition
- Enterovirus
- Herpesviruses
- HIV
Term
2 types of enteroviruses that account for half of the cases of asceptic meningitis:
Definition
Coxsackieviruses
Echoviruses
Term
enteroviruses spread by :
Definition
hand to mouth contact
Term
Adenoviruses associated with:
Definition
- childhood rhinitis
- sore throat
- conjunctivitis
- epidemic keratoconjivitis (pink eye)
Term
Virus that causes croup:
Definition
parainluenza viruses
Term
virus that causes common cold:
Definition
Rhinovirus
Term
viral meningitis is spread:
Definition
fecal oral route
Term
risk factors for viral meningitis:
Definition
- exposure to children in day care
- health care worker
- immunocompromised
- exposure to someone with viral infection
Term
virus that causes rabies:
Definition
Rhabdovirus
Term
Rabies histopathology will show:
Definition
Negri bodies in tissue
Term
most useful diagnostic tool for rabies:
Definition
serology
Term
X-ray finding of Croup:
Definition
Steeple sign- uniform narrowing of subglottic airway
Term
barking cough and inspiratory stridor:
Definition
croup caused by parainluenza virus
Term
Epiglottis can result in older children with this virus. They will have high fever, stridor, dysphagia, drooling. Often sitting leaning foward with mouth open and tongue sticking out. What virus causes this?
Definition
- Parainfluenza virus> croup
Term
prions cause:
Definition
Spongiform Encephalopathies:
- Creutzfield Jakob Disease
- New-variant Creutzfield Jakob disease
- Kuru
Term
Kuru transmission:
Definition
- autopsy
- canabilism

(no transmission to fetus, milk, or sex)
Term
The prion disease that occurs sporadically caused by spontaneous transformation of normal prion proteins to abnormal ones. Genetic link and acquired by infections.
Definition
Creutzfield-Jakob disease (CJD)

can also be transmitted via transplants (corneal transplants, dura mater transplants, use of improperly sterilized equipment in neurosurgery, human cadaver growth hormone administration)
Term
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy causes __ __ in cows and ___ __ __ __ __ in humans.
Definition
Mad cow
New Variant Creutzfield Jakob Disease
Term
what would you see on autopsy of VCJD?
Definition
- amyloid plaques with hyaline eusinophilic core
- peripheral margin of radiating fibrils surrouned by pale halo
Supporting users have an ad free experience!