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Disease Final Fungi
Fungi review
48
Anatomy
Graduate
05/09/2011

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Term
hyphae:
Definition
filaments
Term
yeast:
Definition
single celled
Term
dimorphic:
Definition
convert from hyphae to yeast
Term
Hyphae (filaments) grow to form ___ and surface growth is ___. __ for regular cross walls. _____ lacks cross walls.
Definition
- grow to form mycelium
- growth is mold
- septate form cross walls
- non-septate don't form cross walls
Term
yeast replicate by:
Definition
budding
Term
Candida does ___ __ which looks like regular septate (cross walls).
Definition
- pseudohyphae budding
Term
inhalation of fungal spores causes:
Definition
pneumonia
Term
traumatic implantation of fungus is likely:
Definition
Sporothrix
Term
opportunistic fungal infection:
Definition
Pneumocystis
Term
Fungus allergic reaction:
Definition
Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Term
special agars for fungus:
Definition
- Sabouraud's agar
- blood agar medias
Term
hypopigmented spots on skin:
Definition
Pityriasis versicolor= Malassezia furfur= Tinea versicolor

caused by infection with type of yeast that normally lives on skin
Term
3 superficial skin keratinophillic fungal inections:
Definition
- Pityriasis versicolor
- Dermatophytes (ring worm)
- Candida
Term
2 SQ fungal infections:
Definition
- Sporothrix
- Mycetoma
Term
In a skin scraping with suspected fungus do a:
Definition
wet mount KOH prep
Term
fungus that causes Pityriasis versicolor:
Definition
Malassezia furfur
Term
Trichophyton is a dermatophyte affecting _, __, and __.
Definition
skin
hair
nails
Term
Microsporum is a dermatophyte that affects __ and __.
Definition
hair
skin
Term
Epidermophyton is a dermatophyte that infects __ and __.
Definition
nail
skin
Term
Dermatophytes are contagious transmitted by:
Definition
- fomites
- hats
- combs
- shower floors
- animals
- person to person
Term
Tinea unguium is due to ___ ___, affects right and left great toes, thicken, discolored, and brittle.
Definition
Trychophyton rubrum
Term
with training you can identify tinea on KOH prep by their __ __ __.
Definition
fungal hyphae walls
Term
fungus on roses, thorns, hay, sphagnum moss, twigs, soil:
Definition
Sporotrichosis aka Rose Gardner's Disease

CAUSED SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
Term
Rose Gardners Disease manifestations:
Definition
- cutaneous nodule at site of implantation
- nodule ulcerates
- nodules and ulcers develop along lymphatic flow

PROUDCES PAINLESS ULCERS ON THE SKIN THAT ARE PAINLESS BUT DO NOT HEAL AND REGIONAL LYMPH NODE ENLARGEMENT

aka SPOROTRICHOSIS
Term
Predisposing conditions for infection:
Definition
- diabetes
- continous moisture
- antibiotic use
Term
important dimorphic fungi:
Definition
Haley Ben College Station.

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Sporothrix
Term
Fungi that can cause pneumonia and sytemic infections:
Definition
HCBC

Histoplasma
Coccidiodes
Blastomyces
Cryptococcus
Term
Identify cryptococcus neoformans with ___ __ stain.
Definition
India ink

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS HAPPENS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS
Term
Opportunistic fungal infections:
Definition
- Aspergillus
- Candida
- Cryptococcus
- Mucor and Rhizophus
- Pneumocystis carinii
Term
most common fungus in United States:
Definition
- Histoplasma capsulatum

Endemic in Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river valleys
Term
damp soil rich in organic material like bird/bat droppings. Commonly found in chicken and pigeon coops, old barns, caves, and parks. What fungus?
Definition
Histoplasmosis capsulatum
Term
characteristic pathologic finding of histoplasmosis:
Definition
intracellular, small, round oval yeast-like cells in tissue

on chest xray: diffuse reticulonodular infiltrate and hilar lymph node enlargement
Term
The fungus responsible for San Joaquin Valley Fever:
Definition
Coccidioides immitis = coccidiodomycosis
Term
fungus that is endemic in Southwestern US and other lower Sonoran climates of Central America and South America:
Definition
Coccioides immitis aka San Joaquin Valley Fever aka coccidioidomycosis
Term
Cocoidioides immitis spores are inhaled and deposit in the lower airways whre they develop into:
Definition
- spherules> rupture and release more endospores

primary infection= mononuclear infiltrate> subsequent conversion to polymorphonuclear
Term
This is a fungus that lives in soil with organic debris (rotting wood, animal droppings, plant material). It infects people collecting firewood, tearing down buildings, or engaged in outdooor activities that disturb the soil. It occurs in EASTERN NORTH AMERICA AND AFRICA.
Definition
Blastomyces dermatitidis

Usually affects skin or respiratory tract, but can affect bone, prostate, and other organs.
Term
what fungus is inhaled as conidia and transformed at body temperature to the yeast phase, thereby exhibiting thermal dimorphism?
Definition
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Term
Cryptococcus neoformans usually manifests itself as __ but in recent years has been causing increasing incidences of ___ __.
Definition
- meningitis
- pulmonary disease
Term
A spherical, single cell, yeast surrounded by a capsule:
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans, produces narrow based buds
Term
Opportunistic fungal infection that is long uniform septate hyphae, small airborne conida, found in moldy organic material like food, wet ceiling tiles, and compost. It is small enough to reach the alveoli.
Definition
Aspergillus fumigatus
Term
3 main disease Aspergillus causes:
Definition
- Allergic bronchopulmonary asperigillosis
- Fungal ball aka Aspergilloma in preexisiting lung cavity (TB) without invasion
- Invasive aspergillosis- extreme neutropenia, cough up hyphae in bronchial plugs
Term
What are the 2 saprophytic molds and name 4 of their common characteristics:
Definition
- Rhizopus
- Mucor

- in organic debris
- transmitted by airborne spores
- immunocompromised patients
- non-septate filamentous hyphae
Term
Where do Rhizopus and Mucor proliferate?
Definition
- blood vessel walls expecially in paranasal sinuses, gut, lungs> cause infarct in these tissues

identified via biopsy
Term
what fungus causes rhinocerebral infections in diabetic patients and those on chemo receiving deferoxamine, an iron chelating drug?
Definition
Mucor
Term
Gram positive rod bacteria that forms branching long filaments like fungal hyphae:
Definition
Actinomyces:
- Actinomyces israelii- anaerobic
- Norcadia asteroides- aerobic
Term
gram positive rod bacteria that forms long filaments. Part of normal flora of oropharynx, GI tract, and female genital tract. Forms accumulations known as SULFUR GRANULES with clusters of polymorphonuclear cells. Pus may have a GRAINY apperance due to sulfur granules.
Definition
Actinomyces israelii
Term
Weakly acid fast bacteria that causes pulmonary infections and may progress to form absesses in the sinus tract. It is a long filamentous organism that is red. It is GRAM VARIABLE with beaded appearance of alternating gram positive and gram negative segments along a filament.
Definition
Norcardia asteroides
Term
Atypical pneumonia caused by fungus. In AIDS patients, those with organ transplants, and in premature babies. Interstitial pneumonia. Ground glass appearance on xray. Tissue shows FOAMY ALVEOLI, silver stain shows SAUCER SHAPED CYSTS.
Definition
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
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