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Digestive
Anatomy 2
60
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
08/12/2009

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Cards

Term
1. What are the two ways that the stomach breaks down the food?
Definition
mechanically and chemically
Term
2. What type of digestion are the three layers of muscle in the muscularis of the stomach responsible for?
Definition
mechanical digestion
Term
3. What structures located in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach are responsible for the chemical digestion?
Definition
gastric glands
Term
4. What is the name of the muscle that surrounds the opening to the stomach from the esophagus?
Definition
cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter)
Term
5. What is the part of the stomach closest to the esophagus called?
Definition
cardiac region of the stomach
Term
6. What is the most superior part of the stomach called?
Definition
the fundus of the stomach
Term
7. What is the majority of the stomach (middle part) called?
Definition
the body of the stomach
Term
8. What is the part of the stomach closest to the small intestine called?
Definition
the pyloric region of the stomach
Term
9. What is the name of the muscle that controls the food leaving the stomach entering the small intestine?
Definition
pyloric sphincter
Term
10. Which curvature of the stomach lies more superior?
Definition
lesser curvature
Term
11. What are the large folds of mucosa and submucosa that appear when the stomach is empty?
Definition
rugae
Term
12. What type of muscle is the cardiac and pyloric sphincter?
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
13. What are the tube like invaginations into the stomach epithelium called?
Definition
gastric pits
Term
14. The gastric pits are openings from what structure?
Definition
gastric glands
Term
15. What do the gastric glands produce?
Definition
gastric juice
Term
16. Is the gastric juice acidic or alkaline?
Definition
highly acidic (pH 1.5-3.5)
Term
17. What are the 4 types of cells in the gastric glands?
Definition
chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells, and endocrine cells
Term
18. What do the mucous cells produce?
Definition
mucus
Term
19. What do the endocrine cells produce and where is this stuff released?
Definition
gastrin - released into blood (remember - ENDOcrine)
Term
20. What do the chief cells produce and secrete?
Definition
pepsinogen, renin, and gastric lipase
Term
21. What do the parietal cells produce and release?
Definition
gastric acid (HCl)
Term
22. Where is digestion completed?
Definition
in small intestine
Term
23. Where does almost all absorption occurr?
Definition
in small intestine
Term
24. How long would the small intestine be if you stretched it out?
Definition
20 feet long
Term
25. What is the first portion of the small intestine?
Definition
the duodenum
Term
26. What is the middle portion of the small intestine?
Definition
the jejunum
Term
27. What is the last portion of the small intestine?
Definition
the ileum
Term
28. The duodenum wraps around what structure?
Definition
the head of the pancreas
Term
29. Does the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine have glands?
Definition
yes
Term
30. Is the substance produced by the glands in the small intestine acidic or alkaline?
Definition
alkaline
Term
31. What is chyme?
Definition
food + gastric juice
Term
32. What is the point where the ileum joins with the large intestine called?
Definition
ileocecal junction
Term
33. Does the ileocecal junction contain a sphincter or a valve?
Definition
a valve
Term
34. Walter wants to know why we need to have such a long small intestine?
Definition
increases surface area for absorption
Term
35. What are the large folds of mucosa in the small intestine, and what are they for?
Definition
circular folds, increase surface area
Term
36. What are the fingerlike projections coming off the circular folds called?
Definition
villi
Term
37. These villi in the small intestine are lined with epithelial cells with ________ on their surface.
Definition
microvilli
Term
38. What structures are found inside the villi in the small intestine?
Definition
capillary network and a lacteal
Term
39. What is the lacteal and what is its function?
Definition
a lymphatic vessel / absorption of fats
Term
40. What is the function of the large intestine?
Definition
Absorption of water & elimination of waste products
Term
41. What are the 4 divisions of the large intestine?
Definition
Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
Term
42. What is the first part of the large intestine that joins with the ileum?
Definition
Cecum
Term
43. What structure is attached to the cecum and can collect bacteria?
Definition
Vermiform appendix
Term
44. What is the function of the vermiform appendix?
Definition
Plays a role in immunity
Term
45. What is the condition where there is inflammation of the vermiform appendix?
Definition
Appendicitis
Term
46. What can cause appendicitis?
Definition
Due to an obstruction of the appendix or due to bacteria in the area that causes an infection
Term
47. If Walter had appendicitis, what part of his abdomen would be tender to the touch?
Definition
Right lower quadrant, halfway between the umbilicus and the ilium
Term
48. What are the 4 divisions of the colon going from the ileum to the rectum?
Definition
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
Term
49. What part of the colon is near the liver?
Definition
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Term
50. What part of the colon is near the spleen?
Definition
Left colic (splenic) flexure
Term
51. What part of the large intestine stores feces and is located between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal?
Definition
Rectum
Term
52. What is the last 2-3 cm of the digestive tract?
Definition
Anal canal
Term
53. What is the opening of the anal canal to the outside world?
Definition
Anus
Term
54. What type of muscle is the internal anal sphincter?
Definition
Smooth muscle
Term
55. What type of muscle is the external anal sphincter?
Definition
Skeletal muscle
Term
56. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the stomach?
Definition
Simple columnar epithelium
Term
57. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the small intestine?
Definition
Simple columnar epithelium
Term
58. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the large intestine?
Definition
Simple columnar epithelium
Term
59. What is the epithelial lining the mucosa in the anal canal?
Definition
Stratified squamous epithelium
Term
60. What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?
Definition
Secretion and absorption
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